UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2026
OR
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-38098
APPIAN CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
| Delaware | 54-1956084 | |||||||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
7950 Jones Branch Drive McLean, VA | 22102 | |||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) | |||||||
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 442-8844
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
| Class A Common Stock | APPN | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Small reporting company | ☐ | |||||||||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ☐ | |||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of May 4, 2026, there were 42,324,735 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock and 31,087,385 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, outstanding.
Table of Contents
| Page | ||||||||
| PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION | |||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
2
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
APPIAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value and share data)
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| (unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 150,025 | $ | 135,810 | |||||||
| Short-term investments and marketable securities | 55,963 | 51,415 | |||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $3,107 and $3,362, respectively | 173,874 | 255,063 | |||||||||
| Deferred commissions, current | 35,459 | 35,166 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 38,632 | 41,970 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 453,953 | 519,424 | |||||||||
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $41,662 and $40,747, respectively | 30,279 | 32,087 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 28,145 | 28,811 | |||||||||
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $7,444 and $7,301, respectively | 904 | 1,246 | |||||||||
| Right-of-use assets for operating leases | 26,992 | 28,075 | |||||||||
| Deferred commissions, net of current portion | 64,199 | 65,199 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 4,874 | 4,850 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 14,017 | 11,703 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 623,363 | $ | 691,395 | |||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 4,136 | $ | 6,655 | |||||||
| Accrued expenses | 21,661 | 18,483 | |||||||||
| Accrued compensation and related benefits | 32,354 | 61,781 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 320,401 | 341,281 | |||||||||
| Debt | 9,598 | 9,598 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 13,201 | 13,181 | |||||||||
| Other current liabilities | 1,312 | 1,128 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 402,663 | 452,107 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | 228,828 | 231,228 | |||||||||
| Non-current operating lease liabilities | 43,585 | 45,693 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue, non-current | 6,913 | 8,962 | |||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities | 341 | 398 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 682,330 | 738,388 | |||||||||
| Stockholders’ deficit | |||||||||||
Class A common stock—par value $0.0001; 500,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and 43,474,509 and 43,408,828 shares issued as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively | 4 | 4 | |||||||||
Class B common stock—par value $0.0001; 100,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and 31,087,485 and 31,088,085 shares issued as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively | 3 | 3 | |||||||||
Treasury stock at cost, 1,048,812 and 542,288 shares as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively | (29,152) | (16,935) | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 618,798 | 617,318 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (36,174) | (36,462) | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (612,446) | (610,921) | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ deficit | (58,967) | (46,993) | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit | $ | 623,363 | $ | 691,395 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
APPIAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||
| Subscriptions | $ | 160,311 | $ | 134,352 | |||||||
| Professional services | 41,869 | 32,074 | |||||||||
| Total revenue | 202,180 | 166,426 | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue | |||||||||||
| Subscriptions | 22,904 | 18,521 | |||||||||
| Professional services | 31,507 | 25,519 | |||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | 54,411 | 44,040 | |||||||||
| Gross profit | 147,769 | 122,386 | |||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 64,619 | 56,310 | |||||||||
| Research and development | 46,324 | 41,830 | |||||||||
| General and administrative | 33,670 | 25,080 | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 144,613 | 123,220 | |||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 3,156 | (834) | |||||||||
| Other non-operating expense (income) | |||||||||||
Other income, net | (84) | (5,716) | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 4,172 | 5,318 | |||||||||
| Total other non-operating expense (income) | 4,088 | (398) | |||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (932) | (436) | |||||||||
| Income tax expense | 593 | 741 | |||||||||
Net loss | $ | (1,525) | $ | (1,177) | |||||||
| Net loss per Class A and Class B share: | |||||||||||
Basic and diluted | $ | (0.02) | $ | (0.02) | |||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||
Basic and diluted | 73,820 | 74,094 | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
APPIAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(unaudited, in thousands)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (1,525) | $ | (1,177) | |||||||
| Comprehensive gain (loss), net of income taxes | |||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | 407 | (3,716) | |||||||||
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities | (119) | (17) | |||||||||
Other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes | $ | (1,237) | $ | (4,910) | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
APPIAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
(unaudited, in thousands, except share data)
| Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Accumulated Deficit | Treasury Stock | Total Stockholders' Deficit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2025 | 73,954,625 | $ | 7 | $ | 617,318 | $ | (36,462) | $ | (610,921) | $ | (16,935) | $ | (46,993) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | (1,525) | — | (1,525) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock to directors | 5,416 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of restricted stock units | 336,372 | — | (8,032) | — | — | 9,591 | 1,559 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 59,665 | — | 630 | — | — | — | 630 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | (842,896) | — | — | (21,808) | (21,808) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 8,882 | — | — | — | 8,882 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive gain | — | — | — | 288 | — | — | 288 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, March 31, 2026 | 73,513,182 | $ | 7 | $ | 618,798 | $ | (36,174) | $ | (612,446) | $ | (29,152) | $ | (58,967) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders' Deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2024 | 74,028,786 | $ | 7 | $ | 591,281 | $ | (11,774) | $ | (612,154) | $ | (32,640) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | (1,177) | (1,177) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock to directors | 4,735 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of restricted stock units | 167,726 | — | (3,199) | — | — | (3,199) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 18,953 | — | 190 | — | — | 190 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 8,814 | — | — | 8,814 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | (3,733) | — | (3,733) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, March 31, 2025 | 74,220,200 | $ | 7 | $ | 597,086 | $ | (15,507) | $ | (613,331) | $ | (31,745) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
APPIAN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in thousands)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (1,525) | $ | (1,177) | |||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 11,889 | 10,039 | |||||||||
| Depreciation expense and amortization of intangible assets | 2,273 | 2,446 | |||||||||
| Bad debt expense | (194) | (125) | |||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | 150 | 150 | |||||||||
| Benefit for deferred income taxes | (74) | (163) | |||||||||
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net | 1,119 | (3,989) | |||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 81,353 | 60,259 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | 1,333 | 6,107 | |||||||||
| Deferred commissions | 707 | 3,855 | |||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 637 | 4,755 | |||||||||
| Accrued compensation and related benefits | (25,569) | (9,306) | |||||||||
| Other current and non-current liabilities | (468) | 507 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | (21,799) | (27,554) | |||||||||
| Operating lease assets and liabilities, net | (1,005) | (838) | |||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 48,827 | 44,966 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from maturities of investments | 39,771 | 13,611 | |||||||||
| Purchases of investments | (44,866) | (37,037) | |||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (188) | (651) | |||||||||
| Net cash used by investing activities | (5,283) | (24,077) | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
| Debt repayments | (2,500) | (2,500) | |||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock | (21,808) | — | |||||||||
| Payments for employee taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards | (5,117) | (3,199) | |||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of common stock options | 630 | 190 | |||||||||
| Net cash used by financing activities | (28,795) | (5,509) | |||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (534) | 1,050 | |||||||||
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 14,215 | 16,430 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 135,810 | 118,552 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 150,025 | $ | 134,982 | |||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | 3,803 | $ | 5,018 | |||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 1,426 | $ | 798 | |||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities | |||||||||||
| Accrued capital expenditures | $ | 37 | $ | 784 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APPIAN CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
1. Organization and Description of Business
Appian Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Appian,” the “Company,” “we,” or “our”) provides process automation technology. For over 25 years, our highly reliable and scalable platform has been leveraged by large enterprises and governments. Combining leading edge process orchestration and intelligence, we provide everything an organization needs to design, automate, and optimize critical processes, facilitating continuous adaptation in changing environments.
We are headquartered in McLean, Virginia and operate in the United States and internationally, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
2. Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and footnotes include the accounts of Appian and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, the interim financial information includes all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The results of operations for the current period are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or the results for any future periods. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 19, 2026.
Reclassifications
During the fourth quarter of 2025, the Company reclassified certain information technology, cybersecurity, and facility operating expenses from general and administrative expenses to cost of revenue, research and development, and sales and marketing expense. Amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2025 have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The revised presentation did not result in any changes to previously reported revenues, operating income (loss), loss before income taxes, net loss, or net loss per share.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although we believe the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making these estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates.
Significant estimates embedded in the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, income taxes and the related valuation allowance established against deferred tax assets, the amortization period of deferred commissions, the amortization period of the cost to obtain the judgment preservation insurance policy, and stock-based compensation.
8
Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk
Our financial instruments exposed to concentration of credit and customer risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and short-term investments and marketable securities. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits; however, we believe the financial institutions holding our cash deposits are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. With regard to our customers, credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss.
Revenue generated from U.S. federal government agencies was 25.8% and 23.9% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Additionally, 37.6% and 36.2% of our revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, was generated from international customers.
No single end-customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2026 or 2025. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had one reseller whose accounts receivable balance comprised 8.6% and 13.4% of total accounts receivable, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, as well as overnight repurchase agreements, to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenue are stated at realizable value, net of an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance is based on our assessment of the collectability of accounts and incorporates an estimation of expected lifetime credit losses on our receivables. We regularly review the composition of the accounts receivable aging, historical bad debts, changes in payment patterns, customer creditworthiness, post-balance sheet date collection activity, and current economic trends that affect collectability. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make required payments, additional provisions for expected credit losses would be required and would increase bad debt expense. The allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $3.1 million and $3.4 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
Deferred Commissions
We capitalize costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, which consist of sales commissions paid to our sales team and the associated incremental payroll taxes. These costs are recorded as deferred commissions in the consolidated balance sheets. Costs to obtain a subscriptions contract for a new customer or upsell an existing customer’s subscriptions are amortized over an estimated economic life of five years as sales commissions on initial sales are not commensurate with sales commissions on contract renewals. Commissions paid relating to contract renewals are deferred and amortized over the related renewal period. We determine the estimated economic life based on both qualitative and quantitative factors such as expected renewals, product life cycles, contractual terms, and customer attrition. We periodically review the carrying amount of deferred contract acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the estimated economic life. Costs to obtain a contract for professional services arrangements are expensed as incurred as the contractual period of our professional services arrangements are generally one year or less.
Amortization associated with deferred commissions is recorded to sales and marketing expense in our consolidated statements of operations. Total commission expense was $11.3 million and $11.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
9
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Significant additions or improvements extending the useful life of an asset are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs which do not significantly improve the related assets or extend their useful lives are charged to expense as incurred. The estimated useful lives of our property and equipment are generally 3 years for computer software, computer hardware, and internally developed software, 5 years for equipment, and 10 years for office furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements have an estimated useful life of the shorter of the useful life of the assets or the lease term.
Treasury Stock
We account for treasury stock under the cost method. We reissue treasury stock to satisfy the vesting of restricted stock units. Because we are in an accumulated deficit position, all reissuances of treasury stock were recorded as a decrease to additional-paid-in-capital in our consolidated balance sheets.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, which provides a practical expedient allowing companies to assume the conditions at the balance sheet date remain unchanged over the life of the asset when estimating expected credit losses for current classified accounts receivable and contract assets. Adopting this provision did not impact the calculation of our expected credit loss for our current accounts receivable. The ASU only impacted our disclosures with no impact to our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.
Not Yet Adopted
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires more detailed disclosures of certain categories of expenses such as employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization that are components of existing expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. The new guidance will be effective beginning with our annual reporting for fiscal year 2027 and for interim period reporting beginning in fiscal year 2028. The guidance may be applied either on a retrospective or prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on our financial statement presentation and disclosures.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), which, among other changes, replaces the stage-based capitalization model with a principles-based model clarifying capitalization is to begin when (i) management has authorized and committed to funding a software project and (ii) it is probable the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The new guidance will be effective for our annual and interim period reporting beginning in fiscal year 2028 and can be applied prospectively, retrospectively, or via a modified transition approach. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on our financial statement presentation and disclosures.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270) Narrow-Scope Improvements, which is intended to improve the navigability of the guidance in ASC 270 - Interim Reporting and clarify when it applies. Under the amendments, an entity is subject to ASC 270 if it provides interim financial statements and notes in accordance with GAAP. ASU 2025-11 also addresses the form and content of such financial statements, in addition to interim disclosure requirements. The guidance also establishes a principle under which companies must disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. The new guidance will be effective for interim reporting periods with annual reporting periods beginning after December 15,
10
2027. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on our financial statement presentation and disclosures.
3. Revenue
Revenue Recognition
We generate subscriptions revenue primarily through the sale of cloud subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services. Other subscriptions include self-managed license subscriptions and any associated maintenance and support. We generate professional services revenue from fees for our consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance as well as training related to our platform.
The following table summarizes revenue recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Cloud subscriptions | $ | 124,511 | $ | 99,826 | |||||||
Other subscriptions | 35,800 | 34,526 | |||||||||
| Total subscriptions | 160,311 | 134,352 | |||||||||
| Professional services | 41,869 | 32,074 | |||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 202,180 | $ | 166,426 | |||||||
Performance Obligations and Timing of Revenue Recognition
We primarily sell products and services that fall into the categories discussed below. Each category contains one or more performance obligations that are either (1) capable of being distinct (i.e., the customer can benefit from the product or service on its own or together with readily available resources, including those purchased separately from us) and distinct within the context of the contract (i.e., separately identified from other promises in the contract) or (2) a series of distinct products or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Our license subscriptions are delivered at a point in time while our cloud subscriptions, maintenance and support, and professional services are delivered over time.
Subscriptions Revenue
Our subscription contracts are priced based on the number of users who access and utilize the applications built on our platform, non-user-based single application licenses, or consumption-based pricing. Our subscription contract terms generally vary from to three years with most providing for payment in advance on an annual, quarterly, or monthly basis. In certain instances, our customers have paid their entire contract up front.
Cloud Subscriptions
We generate cloud subscriptions revenue primarily from the sales of subscriptions to access our cloud offering, together with related support services to our customers. We perform all required maintenance and support for our cloud offering, and the related revenue is reported as a component of cloud subscriptions revenue. Cloud subscriptions revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the later of the date the service is made available to the customer or the commencement of the contract term. Our cloud-based subscription contracts generally have a term of to three years in length. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance, and they are non-cancellable.
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Other Subscriptions
Our other subscriptions revenue is comprised of both license subscriptions and the related maintenance and support. Our license subscriptions revenue is derived from customers with self-managed installations of our platform. The majority of our self-managed license contracts are one year in length. For self-managed license subscriptions, we account for the software and related support separately as they are distinct performance obligations. Revenue from the license subscription is recognized when control of the software license has transferred to the customer, which is the later of delivery or commencement of the contract term. Revenue from maintenance and support is recognized ratably over the contract period, which is the period over which the customer has continuous access to maintenance and support.
Professional Services Revenue
Our professional services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance as well as training services related to our platform. Our professional services are considered distinct performance obligations when sold standalone or with other products.
Consulting Services
We sell consulting services to assist customers in planning and executing the deployment of our software. Customers are not required to use consulting services to fully benefit from the software. Consulting services are regularly sold on a standalone basis and most often as either (1) under a fixed-fee arrangement or (2) on a time and materials basis. We also sell advisory services on a subscription basis to support customers or partners with their development and deployment. Consulting services contracts are considered separate performance obligations because they do not integrate with each other or with other products and services to deliver a combined output to the customer, do not modify or customize (or are not modified or customized by) each other or other products and services, and do not affect the customer's ability to use other consulting offerings or other products and services. Revenue under consulting contracts is recognized over time as services are delivered. Revenue from subscription-based consulting contracts is recognized ratably over the contract period. For time and materials-based consulting contracts, we have elected the practical expedient of recognizing revenue upon invoicing since the invoiced amount corresponds directly to the value of our service to date.
Training Services
We sell various training services to our customers. Training services are sold in the form of prepaid training credits that are redeemed based on a fixed rate per course. Training revenue is recognized when the associated training services are delivered.
Significant Judgments and Estimates
Determining the Transaction Price
The transaction price is the total amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the service offerings in a contract and may include both fixed and variable components. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable a significant reversal will not occur. The amount of variable consideration excluded from the transaction price for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was immaterial. Our estimates of variable consideration are also subject to subsequent true-up adjustments and may result in changes to transaction prices; however, such true-up adjustments are not expected to be material.
Allocating the Transaction Price Based on Standalone Selling Prices (“SSP”)
We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in a contract based on its relative SSP. The SSP is the observable price at which we sell the product or service separately. In the absence of observable pricing, we estimate SSP using the residual approach. We establish SSP as follows:
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1.Cloud subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our cloud subscriptions and the related maintenance and support, we establish the SSP using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of consulting and training services. We have concluded the residual approach to estimating the SSP of our cloud subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price.
2.License subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our license subscriptions, we have established the SSP of license subscriptions using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of the related maintenance and support. Maintenance and support for license subscriptions is sold on a standalone basis in conjunction with renewals of our legacy perpetual software licenses and within a narrow range of the net license fee. Because an economic relationship exists between the license and maintenance and support, we have concluded the residual approach to estimating the SSP of license subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price.
3.Maintenance and support - We establish the SSP of maintenance and support for license subscriptions as a percentage of the stated net subscription fee based on observable pricing of maintenance and support renewals from our legacy perpetual software licenses.
4.Consulting and training services - The SSP of consulting and training services is established based on the observable pricing of standalone sales within each geographic region where the services are sold.
Contract Balances
Timing may differ between the satisfaction of performance obligations and the invoicing and collection of amounts related to our contracts with customers. Contract assets primarily relate to unbilled amounts for contracts with customers for which the amount of revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to invoice becomes unconditional.
Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations. Deferred revenue is then recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current, and the remaining deferred revenue is recorded as non-current.
The following table sets forth our contract asset and contract liability balances (in thousands):
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Contract assets, current* | $ | 9,181 | $ | 10,877 | $ | 8,868 | $ | 12,933 | |||||||||||||||
Contract assets, non-current* | 146 | 208 | 331 | 643 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total contract assets | $ | 9,327 | $ | 11,085 | $ | 9,199 | $ | 13,576 | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue, current | $ | 320,401 | $ | 341,281 | $ | 258,582 | $ | 281,760 | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue, non-current | 6,913 | 8,962 | 3,944 | 5,477 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total contract liabilities | $ | 327,314 | $ | 350,243 | $ | 262,526 | $ | 287,237 | |||||||||||||||
* Current and non-current contract assets are reported as components of the ‘Prepaid expenses and other current assets’ and ‘Other assets’ line items, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets.
Revenue recognized from amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period totaled $134.3 million and $118.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
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As of March 31, 2026, we had an aggregate transaction price of $600.1 million allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations. We expect to recognize $409.6 million of this balance as revenue over the next 12 months with the remaining amount recognized thereafter.
4. Leases
As of March 31, 2026, our lease portfolio consists entirely of operating leases for corporate offices. Our operating leases have remaining lease terms with various expiration dates through 2031, and some leases include options to extend the term for up to an additional 10 years.
Lease Costs
Expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense. We have lease agreements which require payments for lease and non-lease components (i.e., common area maintenance) that are accounted for as a single lease component. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease such as maintenance costs, utilities, and service charges are not included in right-of-use (“ROU”) assets for operating leases or operating lease liabilities but rather are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense. We often receive customary incentives from our landlords such as tenant improvement allowances (“TIAs”) and rent abatement periods, which effectively reduce total lease payments owed for the leases.
The following table sets forth the components of lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands, exclusive of sublease income):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | 2,363 | $ | 2,393 | |||||||
| Short-term lease cost | 206 | 250 | |||||||||
| Variable lease cost | 1,661 | 1,372 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 4,230 | $ | 4,015 | |||||||
Sublease income totaled $0.3 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
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Supplemental Lease Information
Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 is presented in the following table (in thousands, except for lease term and discount rate):
As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets for operating leases | $ | 26,992 | $ | 28,075 | |||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | $ | 13,201 | $ | 13,181 | |||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | 43,585 | 45,693 | |||||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 56,786 | $ | 58,874 | |||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) | 5.3 | 5.5 | |||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | 9.4 | % | 9.4 | % | |||||||
Supplemental cash flow and expense information related to operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 is shown below (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Operating cash outflows for operating leases | $ | 3,410 | $ | 3,193 | |||||||
| Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets | 1,043 | 910 | |||||||||
| Interest expense on operating lease liabilities | 1,320 | 1,483 | |||||||||
A summary of our future minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable operating leases as of March 31, 2026 is shown below (in thousands):
| Operating Leases | |||||
2026 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2026) | $ | 10,427 | |||
| 2027 | 14,024 | ||||
| 2028 | 12,854 | ||||
| 2029 | 12,401 | ||||
| 2030 | 12,364 | ||||
| Thereafter | 10,543 | ||||
| Total lease payments | 72,613 | ||||
| Less: imputed interest | (15,827) | ||||
| Total | $ | 56,786 | |||
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5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The following table details the changes in goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
| Carrying Amount | |||||
Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $ | 25,555 | |||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | 3,256 | ||||
Balance as of December 31, 2025 | 28,811 | ||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | (666) | ||||
Balance as of March 31, 2026 | $ | 28,145 | |||
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Developed technology | $ | 7,362 | $ | 7,537 | |||||||
Customer relationships | 986 | 1,010 | |||||||||
| Intangible assets, gross | 8,348 | 8,547 | |||||||||
| Less: accumulated amortization | (7,444) | (7,301) | |||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | $ | 904 | $ | 1,246 | |||||||
Intangible amortization expense was $0.3 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. As of March 31, 2026, the weighted average remaining amortization periods for developed technology and customer relationships were approximately 0.4 years and 5.1 years, respectively.
The following table shows the projected annual amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets as of March 31, 2026 (in thousands):
| Projected Amortization | |||||
2026 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2026) | $ | 492 | |||
| 2027 | 99 | ||||
| 2028 | 99 | ||||
| 2029 | 99 | ||||
| 2030 | 72 | ||||
| Thereafter | 43 | ||||
| Total projected amortization expense | $ | 904 | |||
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6. Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | $ | 55,381 | $ | 55,465 | |||||||
| Office furniture and fixtures | 4,583 | 4,616 | |||||||||
Computer software and hardware | 9,651 | 10,504 | |||||||||
Internally developed software | 1,341 | 1,341 | |||||||||
| Equipment | 211 | 218 | |||||||||
Work in process | 774 | 690 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, gross | 71,941 | 72,834 | |||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (41,662) | (40,747) | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | 30,279 | $ | 32,087 | |||||||
Depreciation expense totaled $2.0 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. We disposed of $0.5 million worth of fully depreciated equipment during the three months ended March 31, 2026. We had no disposals or retirements during the three months ended March 31, 2025.
7. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Hosting costs and license fees | $ | 6,951 | $ | 6,570 | |||||||
| Legal costs | 3,604 | 1,438 | |||||||||
| Contract labor costs | 2,343 | 2,600 | |||||||||
| Reimbursable employee expenses | 2,145 | 1,123 | |||||||||
| Audit and tax expenses | 1,733 | 1,818 | |||||||||
| Taxes payable | 1,266 | 1,953 | |||||||||
| Marketing and tradeshow expenses | 567 | 892 | |||||||||
| Other accrued expenses | 3,052 | 2,089 | |||||||||
| Total accrued expenses | $ | 21,661 | $ | 18,483 | |||||||
8. Debt
Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement
We have a Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) which provides for a five-year term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $200.0 million and, in addition, up to $100.0 million for a revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility in the aggregate availability amount of $20.0 million and a swingline sub-facility in the aggregate availability amount of $10.0 million (as a sublimit of the revolving loan facility). The Credit Agreement matures on November 3, 2027. We have been using the proceeds to fund the growth of our business and support our working capital requirements.
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Under the agreement, we may elect whether amounts drawn bear interest on the outstanding principal amount at a rate per annum equal to either (a) the higher of the Prime rate or the Federal Funds Effective rate (“Base Rate”) plus 0.5% or (b) the forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate (“Term SOFR”). An additional interest rate margin is added to the elected interest rates. Our interest rate margin ranges from 0.5% to 2.5% in the case of Base Rate advances and from 1.5% to 3.5% in the case of Term SOFR advances, depending on our debt to consolidated adjusted EBITDA leverage ratio as defined in the Credit Agreement.
In addition, the Credit Agreement contains other customary representations, warranties, and covenants, including covenants by us limiting additional indebtedness, guarantees, liens, fundamental changes, mergers and consolidations, dispositions of assets, investments, paying dividends on capital stock or redeeming, repurchasing, or retiring capital stock, prepaying certain junior indebtedness and preferred stock, certain corporate changes, and transactions with affiliates. The Credit Agreement also provides for customary events of default, including but not limited to, non-payment, breaches, or defaults in the performance of covenants, insolvency, bankruptcy, and the occurrence of a material adverse effect on us.
The following table summarizes outstanding debt balances (in thousands):
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
Borrowings under revolving credit facility | $ | 62,000 | $ | 62,000 | |||||||
| Secured term loan facility | 177,062 | 179,563 | |||||||||
Less: Debt issuance costs (1) | (636) | (737) | |||||||||
| Total debt, net of debt issuance costs | $ | 238,426 | $ | 240,826 | |||||||
| Debt, current | $ | 9,598 | $ | 9,598 | |||||||
| Long-term debt | 228,828 | 231,228 | |||||||||
| Total debt | $ | 238,426 | $ | 240,826 | |||||||
(1) Deferred debt issuance costs associated with the term loan facility are recorded net of the debt obligation and amortized to interest expense over the term of the Credit Agreement.
As of March 31, 2026, we were in compliance with all covenants contained in the Credit Agreement. In addition, we had $62.0 million outstanding under our $100.0 million revolving credit facility, and we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $7.9 million in connection with securing leased office spaces.
9. Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes is based upon the estimated annual effective tax rates for the year applied to the current period income before tax plus the tax effect of any significant or unusual items, discrete events, or changes in tax law. Our operating subsidiaries are exposed to statutory effective tax rates ranging from zero to approximately 35%. Fluctuations in the distribution of pre-tax income among our operating subsidiaries can lead to fluctuations of the effective tax rate in the consolidated financial statements. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the actual effective tax rates were (63.6)% and (170.0)%, respectively. The change in the effective tax rates for each period as compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily due to near pre-tax break-even positions in both years.
As of March 31, 2026, our net unrecognized tax benefits totaled $8.8 million, which if recognized would result in no net effect on the effective tax rate due to a valuation allowance. The amount of reasonably possible unrecognized tax benefits that could decrease over the next 12 months due to the expiration of certain statutes of limitations or settlements of tax audits is not material to our consolidated financial statements.
We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. Due to our net operating loss carryforwards, the tax years 2016 through 2026 remain open to examination by the major
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taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject. There are no open examinations that would have a meaningful impact on our consolidated financial statements.
10. Stock-Based Compensation
Compensation expense related to stock-based awards is accounted for using the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the fair value of stock options containing only a service condition using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date of grant. For service-based awards such as RSUs, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
In June 2022, our Board of Directors granted to our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) a stock option award that is eligible to vest based on the achievement of various stock price appreciation targets. This option grant (the “2022 CEO option grant”) is our only outstanding stock-based award that vests based on the achievement of market conditions. For awards with market-based conditions, compensation expense is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation, and expense is recognized using the accelerated attribution method over the derived service period based on the expected market performance as of the grant date.
We account for forfeitures of our stock-based awards as they occur rather than estimating expected forfeitures. As of March 31, 2026, the total compensation cost related to unvested stock options not yet recognized, which relates exclusively to the 2022 CEO option grant, was $0.4 million and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.3 years. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs was approximately $53.9 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.
Our annual bonus program provides eligible employees with the option to receive all or a portion of their earned annual bonuses, otherwise payable in cash, in the form of RSUs. The RSUs are granted by our Board of Directors during the first quarter of the following year and are fully vested upon grant. The portion of the annual bonus to be paid in the form of RSUs is recorded as stock-based compensation expense while the related obligations are recorded as liabilities in the ‘Accrued compensation and related benefits’ line item on our consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we recognized $2.8 million and $1.2 million of stock-based compensation related to this program, respectively.
The following table summarizes the components of our stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | |||||||||||
| Subscriptions | $ | 559 | $ | 498 | |||||||
| Professional services | 1,638 | 1,456 | |||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 2,403 | 2,246 | |||||||||
| Research and development | 3,735 | 3,014 | |||||||||
| General and administrative | 3,554 | 2,825 | |||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 11,889 | $ | 10,039 | |||||||
11. Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic, except the weighted average number of common shares outstanding is increased to include additional outstanding shares from the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of stock awards, if dilutive. The dilutive effect, if any, of convertible
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shares is calculated using the treasury stock method. As we reported net losses for all periods presented, all outstanding shares would be considered antidilutive if they were to be assumed as vested or exercised.
The following outstanding securities, prior to the use of the treasury stock method, have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the respective periods below because they would have been antidilutive to loss per share:
Three months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
Stock options | 888,041 | 1,036,576 | |||||||||
Non-vested restricted stock units | 2,375,901 | 1,259,321 | |||||||||
12. Commitments, Contingencies, and Other Matters
Minimum Purchase Commitments
We have a non-cancellable cloud hosting arrangement with Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) that contains provisions for minimum purchase commitments. Specifically, purchase commitments under the agreement total $220.0 million over five years. The agreement, which originated in July 2021 and was amended in October 2024, currently contains minimum annual spending requirements of $44.0 million from November 2024 to October 2029. Spending under this agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 totaled $16.2 million and $10.4 million, respectively. The timing of payments under the agreement may vary, but we expect to meet our minimum annual spending requirement during the term of the arrangement.
Pegasystems Litigation
Trade Secrets Case
On May 29, 2020, we filed a civil complaint against Pegasystems, Inc. (“Pegasystems”) and Youyong Zou, a Virginia resident, in the Circuit Court for Fairfax County, Virginia. Appian Corp v. Pegasystems Inc. & Youyong Zou, No. 2020-07216 (Fairfax Cty. Ct.). On May 10, 2022, we announced the jury awarded us $2.036 billion in damages for misappropriation of our trade secrets and $1 in damages for violating the Virginia Computer Crimes Act. Pegasystems filed several post-trial motions seeking relief in the form of reducing the damages award or setting aside the jury’s verdict and either granting a new trial or entering judgment in Pegasystems’ favor. All of these motions were denied, and final judgment was entered by the Court on September 15, 2022. The final judgment reaffirmed the $2.036 billion in damages and also ordered Pegasystems to pay Appian $23.6 million in attorney's fees associated with the case as well as statutory post-judgment interest on the judgment at an annual rate of 6%, or approximately $122.0 million per year.
Defendant Youyong Zou has satisfied the judgment of $5,000 (plus interest) against him in lieu of appealing that judgment. On September 15, 2022, Pegasystems filed a notice of appeal to the Court of Appeals of Virginia. On July 30, 2024, the Court of Appeals of Virginia issued a decision reversing the judgment against Pegasystems and remanding the case for a new trial. The decision rejected Pegasystems’ argument that Appian had not presented evidence that trade secrets were misappropriated but reversed the judgment on the basis of evidentiary and damages rulings made by the trial court. On August 29, 2024, Appian submitted a petition to the Supreme Court of Virginia seeking to reverse the Court of Appeals decision and reinstate the full judgment against Pegasystems. Pegasystems filed an opposition to the petition and cross-issues for appeal on October 21, 2024. Appian's petition was heard on February 11, 2025. On January 6, 2026, the Supreme Court of Virginia issued an opinion affirming the opinion rendered by the Court of Appeals on both sides and remanding the case for a retrial. On May 7, 2026,
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the Circuit Court set the retrial to begin on January 11, 2027. We cannot predict the outcome of any further appeals or any retrial or the exact time it will take to resolve them.
Judgment Preservation Insurance
On September 1, 2023, we obtained a judgment preservation insurance (“JPI”) policy in connection with our $2.036 billion judgment against Pegasystems. The total cost of the policy was $57.3 million and is comprised of the premium, a one-time broker fee, and Virginia lines tax. The policy provides up to $500.0 million of coverage.
The total cost of the policy was capitalized and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated period to obtain a final and unappealable judgment. Amortization expense associated with the JPI premium is recorded to general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. JPI amortization expense was $2.1 million and $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. As of March 31, 2026, $8.3 million of the unamortized balance is classified as ‘Prepaid expenses and other current assets’ while the remaining $12.5 million is classified as 'Other assets’ on our consolidated balance sheets.
Defamation Case
On August 2, 2023, Pegasystems filed a complaint against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts. Pegasystems Inc. v. Appian Corporation, 1:23-cv-11776-LTS (D. Mass.). The complaint asserts claims for defamation, trade libel, and violations of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a). On February 20, 2024, the Company answered the complaint, asserted counterclaims against Pegasystems for defamation, trade libel, violations of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a), and violations of Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93A §§ 2 and 11 and sought a declaratory judgment that Pegasystems was not entitled to the recovery sought in its claims.
The parties exchanged opening expert reports in March 2026. Pegasystems claims up to $41.9 million in damages resulting from its claims, while the Company claims up to $109.5 million in damages from competitive situations related to the counterclaims and up to $2.33 billion in damages from Pegasystems' total profits derived from the conduct at issue in the counterclaims. Motions for summary judgment are due in June 2026, and a jury trial is currently scheduled for November 2026. While the Company believes strongly in its claims and defenses, we are unable to reasonably estimate the likelihood of success for either party or the range of any possible gain or loss to the Company given the uncertainty as to the likelihood, amount, and timing of any potential gain or loss related to our counterclaims or Pegasystems’ claims.
Other Legal Matters
From time to time, we are subject to legal, regulatory, and other proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, we are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.
Share Repurchase Program
On February 17, 2026, the Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $50.0 million of our common stock (the “Share Repurchase Program”), effective February 2026 through February 2028. In the first quarter of 2026, we repurchased 0.8 million shares under this program at an average share price of $25.85, totaling an aggregate cost of $21.8 million. As of March 31, 2026, shareholders’ equity included 73.5 million shares outstanding, net of 1.0 million shares of common stock held in treasury.
On May 5, 2026, the Board of Directors approved an additional $50.0 million for the Share Repurchase Program, bringing the total aggregate authorization under the program to $100.0 million. All other terms and conditions of the Share Repurchase Program remain unchanged.
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13. Segment and Geographic Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. We have determined our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer.
We have one operating and one reportable segment, representing our consolidated business that helps organizations design, automate, and optimize important business processes from start to finish. We generate revenue from customers primarily through the sale of cloud and other subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support as well as professional services revenue from fees for our consulting services and training related to our platform. Our reportable segment determination is based on our management and internal reporting structure, the nature of the subscriptions and services we offer, and the financial information evaluated regularly by our CODM.
The CODM uses operating income (loss) and net loss reported on the consolidated statements of operations to assess performance for the segment and decide how to allocate resources. In addition, the CODM reviews the expense categories presented on the consolidated statements of operations to manage the Company’s operations. Operating income (loss) and net loss are used to evaluate profitability trends in the business, and the CODM considers budget-to-actual variances for both profit measures when making decisions about allocating capital and resources. Significant segment expenses, which are the expenses included in operating income (loss) and net loss, as well as other segment items such as other income, net and income tax expense are included in the consolidated statements of operations. The CODM does not review any significant segment expense information that differs from the expense presented in the consolidated statements of operations. Further, the measure of segment assets is total assets as reported on the consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes revenue by geography for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Domestic | $ | 126,144 | $ | 106,193 | |||||||
| International | 76,036 | 60,233 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 202,180 | $ | 166,426 | |||||||
With respect to geographic information, revenue is attributed to respective geographies based on the contracting address of the customer. The value of our long-lived assets, which are comprised of property and equipment, intangible assets with finite lives, and right-of-use assets, held in the United States and internationally as of March 31, 2026 were $47.4 million and $10.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, our long-lived assets held in the United States and internationally were $49.0 million and $12.4 million, respectively.
14. Investments and Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements
U.S. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires us to use observable inputs when available and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:
•Level 1 - Observable inputs based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level 2 - Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
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•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require us to develop our own estimates and assumptions reflecting those that a market participant would use.
The asset or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There were no instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:
•Market approach - Uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities;
•Income approach - Uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts; and
•Cost approach - Based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (i.e., replacement cost).
The carrying amounts of our accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 because of the relatively short duration of these instruments. Additionally, the carrying value of our debt associated with the term loan facility approximates fair value because the interest rates are variable and reset on relatively short durations to the current market rates.
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Investments
Our investment portfolio consists largely of debt investments classified as available-for-sale. Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities, excluding other-than-temporary impairments, have been recorded in ‘Accumulated other comprehensive loss’ in our consolidated balance sheets. The components of our cash, cash equivalents, and investments as of March 31, 2026 are as follows (in thousands):
As of March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurement | Balance Sheet Classification | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Level | Cost Basis | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Short-Term Investments and Marketable Securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash | Level 1 | $ | 114,360 | $ | — | $ | 114,360 | $ | 114,360 | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market fund | Level 1 | 35,665 | — | 35,665 | 35,665 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury bonds | Level 2 | 32,017 | (31) | 31,986 | — | 31,986 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial paper | Level 2 | 6,295 | (8) | 6,287 | — | 6,287 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate bonds | Level 2 | 17,728 | (38) | 17,690 | — | 17,690 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 206,065 | $ | (77) | $ | 205,988 | $ | 150,025 | $ | 55,963 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
At December 31, 2025, our investments consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurement | Balance Sheet Classification | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Level | Cost Basis | Unrealized Gains | Fair Value | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Short-Term Investments and Marketable Securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash | Level 1 | $ | 118,297 | $ | — | $ | 118,297 | $ | 118,297 | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market fund | Level 1 | 17,513 | — | 17,513 | 17,513 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury bonds | Level 2 | 26,627 | 22 | 26,649 | — | 26,649 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | Level 2 | 6,147 | 4 | 6,151 | — | 6,151 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | Level 2 | 18,599 | 16 | 18,615 | — | 18,615 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 187,183 | $ | 42 | $ | 187,225 | $ | 135,810 | $ | 51,415 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
We did not hold any Level 3 assets at any point during the three months ended March 31, 2026. Additionally, there were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2026. Interest income on our investments, which is recorded within ‘Other income, net’ on our consolidated statements of operations, totaled $1.5 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
The contractual maturities of our debt securities as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were all one year or less. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with (1) our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (2) the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on February 19, 2026.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “will,” “would,” or the negative or plural of these words or similar expressions or variations, including statements regarding our expectations regarding customer renewals and our future financial and operating performance, expansion of the usage of partners to perform professional services, the increase of our subscriptions revenue as a percentage of total revenue, the fluctuation of gross margin on a quarterly basis, our future capital requirements, and our ability to meet our financial covenants under our Credit Agreement. Such forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified herein and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors,” set forth in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 19, 2026 and in our other filings with the SEC. Forward-looking statements should not be relied on as predictions of future events. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
Overview
Appian provides process automation technology. For over 25 years, our highly reliable and scalable platform has been leveraged by large enterprises and governments. Combining leading edge process orchestration and intelligence, we provide everything an organization needs to design, automate, and optimize critical processes, facilitating continuous adaptation in changing environments.
Appian provides capabilities to tackle any process challenge. These capabilities are unified and scalable, meeting enterprise demands and easy to change as requirements evolve.
•Comprehensive Automation Platform. The Appian platform provides a complete set of features and tools, allowing our customers to apply the right tool to each step of their process. Our capabilities include business rules engines, pre-built connections, Application Program Interface (API) integrations, intelligent document processing (IDP), robotic process automation (RPA), and artificial intelligence (AI).
•Unified Data Fabric. Appian’s patented data fabric is an integrated layer that unifies data across the enterprise without requiring companies to migrate their data, eliminating the need for additional systems and tools and accelerating time to insight. Our data fabric allows every worker, system, and agent to have the context it needs to act with confidence.
•Enterprise-Grade Controls. Appian delivers best-in-class security, auditability, and enterprise guardrails to support even the most mission critical workloads and most sensitive and confidential data. In addition, Appian provides process mining functionality that allows organizations to identify bottlenecks and compliance risks.
•Interactive Design. Our visual design tools allow business users, technical experts, and implementation specialists to collaborate on the automation, improvement, and streamlining of existing processes, assisted by AI. This iterative process continues after the initial implementation, allowing our customers to seamlessly evolve and optimize their processes over time.
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•Implementation Excellence. Appian has an elite team of implementation and process specialists with a 25-year track record of partnering with our customers to ensure the success of their applications.
Advances in AI offer the promise of unprecedented innovation in business productivity. Despite this potential, currently most business implementations of AI fail, and the technology is frequently sidelined as an assistant rather than integrated as a digital worker within core business operations. This presents a unique opportunity for Appian, since we provide the process framework that organizations need to drive value from AI investments.
We believe in order to fully realize the value of AI, organizations need to embed AI capabilities directly into workflows. To be effective, AI requires strict controls and defined guardrails that eliminate errors and hallucinations, ensuring AI activities are guided by organizational policies and regulations. As a leader in process automation, we provide the tools and guardrails necessary for AI to deliver repeatable and scalable business value.
The impact of AI also depends on data. Without proprietary data, AI lacks the internal context necessary to help solve specific business problems. Most enterprises today struggle to provide AI with relevant data across systems while still ensuring privacy and maintaining access privileges. Our data fabric is designed to provide the data AI needs, grant secure and performant access to information from across the enterprise, and obviate the need for complex and slow data migrations.
We generate the majority of our revenue from sales of subscriptions, which include (1) cloud subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) other subscriptions, which include self-managed licenses bundled with maintenance and support. Our subscription contracts are priced based primarily on the number of users who access and utilize the applications built on our platform, non-user-based single application licenses, or consumption-based pricing. Our subscription contract terms generally vary from one to three years with most providing for payment in advance on an annual, quarterly, or monthly basis.
We have invested in our professional services organization to help ensure customers are able to build and deploy applications on our platform. We also have several strategic partnerships, including with Accenture, Capgemini, Deloitte, Indra Group, KPMG, and PwC, which allow them to refer customers to us in order to purchase software subscriptions. Our partners then provide professional services directly to the customers using our software. Additionally, they often go to market with their own pre-built solutions using our platform, delivering software license revenue to us. We intend to continue to invest in both our professional services group and strategic partnerships to drive increased adoption of our platform. We believe our investment in professional services, including strategic partners building their practices around Appian, will drive increased adoption of our platform.
Our customers primarily include financial services, government, life sciences, insurance, manufacturing, energy, healthcare, telecommunications, and transportation organizations. Generally, our sales team targets its efforts at organizations with over 2,000 employees and $2.0 billion in annual revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, revenue generated from U.S. federal government agencies was 25.8% and 23.9% of total revenue, respectively. No single end-customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2026 or 2025.
We offer our platform globally. Our platform supports multiple languages to facilitate collaboration and address challenges in multinational organizations. In the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, 37.6% and 36.2%, respectively, of our total revenue was generated from customers outside of the United States. As of March 31, 2026, we operated in 16 countries. We believe we have a significant opportunity to continue to grow our international footprint, and we are investing in new geographies, including through investment in direct and indirect sales channels, professional services, and customer support and implementation partners.
Our business model focuses on maximizing the lifetime value of customer relationships, which is a function of the duration of a customer’s deployment of our platform as well as the price and number of subscriptions of our platform that a customer purchases. We incur significant customer acquisition costs, including expenses associated with hiring new sales representatives, who can take anywhere from six months to a year to become productive
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given the length of our sales cycle, and marketing costs which, with the exception of certain types of sales commissions, are expensed as incurred.
At the same time, we believe the costs we incur to retain customers and drive additional purchases of software are lower than our customer acquisition costs on a relative basis. Over time, we expect a large portion of our customers to renew their subscriptions and purchase additional subscriptions as they continue to build more applications and add more users to our platform.
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
The following are several key factors that affect our performance:
•Market Adoption of Our Platform - Our ability to grow our customer base and drive market adoption of our platform is affected by the pace at which organizations automate processes. We expect our revenue growth will be primarily driven by the pace of adoption and penetration of our platform. We offer a leading process automation platform and intend to continue to invest to expand our customer base. The degree to which prospective customers recognize the need for our software platform and its ability to enable their organizations to automate processes, and subsequently allocate budget dollars to purchase our software, will drive our ability to acquire new customers and increase sales to existing customers, which, in turn, will affect our future financial performance.
•Growth of Our Customer Base - We believe we have a substantial opportunity to grow our customer base. We have invested, and intend to continue to invest, in our sales team in order to drive sales to new customers. We continue to make investments to enhance the expertise of our sales and marketing organization within our key industry verticals of financial services, government, life sciences, insurance, and manufacturing. In addition, we have established relationships with strategic partners who work with organizations undergoing process automations. Our ability to continue to grow our customer base is dependent, in part, upon our ability to differentiate ourselves within the increasingly competitive markets in which we participate.
•Further Penetration of Existing Customers - Our sales team seeks to generate additional revenue from existing customers by adding new users or application licenses. In addition, we encourage our customers to upgrade to higher service tiers in order to take advantage of incremental functionality. We offer three service tiers ranging from a standard package with entry level features to our premium offering that includes access to features such as process mining and full AI integration. Many of our customers establish Appian as a platform for process automation and expand their use to include application consolidation and legacy application modernization. Generally, the development of new applications on our platform results in the expansion of our user base within an organization and a corresponding increase in revenue. As a result of this “land and expand” strategy, we have generated significant additional revenue from our customer base. Our ability to increase sales to existing customers will depend on a number of factors, including the size of our sales and professional services teams, customers’ level of satisfaction with our platform and professional services, pricing, economic conditions, and our customers’ overall spending levels.
•Investments in Growth - We have made, and plan to continue to make, investments for long-term growth, including investing in our platform and infrastructure to continuously maximize their power and speed, meet the evolving needs of our customers, and take advantage of our market opportunity. In addition, we may pursue strategic acquisitions that enhance our product offerings. We also intend to continue to invest in sales and marketing as we further expand our sales teams, increase our marketing activities, and grow our international operations.
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Key Metrics
We monitor the following metrics to help us measure and evaluate the effectiveness of our operations. All dollar amounts are presented in thousands.
Cloud Subscriptions Revenue
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||
Cloud subscriptions revenue | $ | 124,511 | $ | 99,826 | 24.7 | % | |||||||||||
Cloud subscriptions revenue includes cloud subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services. Our cloud subscriptions revenue for any customer is primarily determined by the number of users who access and utilize the applications built on our platform or by the number of application licenses purchased, as well as the price paid. We believe increasing cloud subscriptions revenue is an indicator of the demand for our platform, the pace at which the market for our solutions is growing, the productivity of our sales team and strategic relationships in growing our customer base, and our ability to further penetrate our existing customer base.
Cloud Net Annualized Recurring Revenue (“ARR”) Expansion
| As of March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
Cloud net ARR expansion | 115 | % | 112 | % | |||||||
We believe cloud net ARR expansion provides real-time insight into the growth of our existing customer base and is indicative of our success in the renewal and expansion of cloud subscription agreements with existing customers. To calculate this metric, we define ARR on a customer level as monthly recurring cloud subscriptions revenue multiplied by 12. We then compare the period-end ARR of the previous year’s customer cohort to their ARR at the end of the current period. The cloud net ARR expansion represents the ratio between these two periods. Note for purposes of the calculation, a customer is defined pursuant to our updated methodology, and the calculation is performed on a constant currency basis.
Key Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We generate revenue primarily through sales of subscriptions to our platform as well as professional services. We typically sell our software on a per-user basis, through non-user-based single application licenses, or consumption-based pricing. We generally bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance on an annual, quarterly, or monthly basis. In certain instances, we have had customers pay their entire contract value up front.
Our revenue is comprised of the following:
Subscriptions
Subscriptions revenue is primarily derived from cloud subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services, license subscriptions, and maintenance and support for license subscriptions. Our maintenance and support agreements provide customers with the right to unspecified software upgrades, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the maintenance and support agreement on a when-and-if-available basis, and rights to technical support. License subscriptions are offered when the customer prefers to self-manage the deployment of our platform within their own infrastructure. When our platform is delivered as a cloud subscription, we manage operational needs in third-party hosted data centers.
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Professional Services
Our professional services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services, including application development, deployment assistance, and training related to our platform.
Cost of Revenue
Subscriptions
Cost of subscriptions revenue consists primarily of fees paid to our third-party managed hosting providers and other third-party service providers, personnel costs, including payroll and benefits for our technology operations, customer support, and portions of our information security teams, amortization of acquired technology, and allocated overhead costs. We expect cost of revenue to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as our customer base grows.
Professional Services
Cost of professional services revenue includes all direct and indirect costs to deliver our professional services and training, including employee compensation for our global professional services and training personnel, third-party contractor costs, allocated overhead costs, and the costs of billable expenses such as travel and lodging. The unpredictability of the timing of providing services related to significant professional services agreements sold on a standalone basis may cause significant fluctuations in our cost of professional services which, in turn, may impact our quarterly financial results.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Gross profit and gross margin (defined as gross profit as a percentage of total revenue), have been, and will continue to be, affected by various factors, including the mix of cloud subscriptions and license subscriptions, the mix of total subscriptions revenue and professional services revenue, subscription pricing, the costs associated with third-party hosting providers, and the extent to which we expand or reduce our professional services to support future changes in our growth. Our gross margin may fluctuate from period to period based on the aforementioned factors.
Subscriptions Gross Margin
Subscriptions gross margin is primarily affected by the growth in our subscriptions revenue as compared to the growth in, and timing of, costs to support such revenue. We expect to continue to invest in customer support and cloud operations to support growth in our business, and the timing of those investments is expected to cause subscriptions gross margin to fluctuate on a quarterly basis.
Professional Services Gross Margin
Professional services gross margin is affected by the growth in our professional services revenue as compared to the growth in, and timing of, the costs of our professional services organization. Professional services gross margin is also impacted by consultant utilization rates and the amount of services performed by subcontractors and partners as opposed to internal resources. The professional services margins for individual quarters remain subject to fluctuation based on the factors discussed above.
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Operating Expenses
Operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses. Personnel-related costs such as salaries, bonuses, commissions, payroll tax payments, and stock-based compensation expense are the most significant components of each of these expense categories. Other components of each category include professional fees for third-party services such as legal, software development resources, contractors, and cloud computing services. In addition, operating expenses include allocated overhead costs, which are primarily comprised of facility costs such as rent, employee medical benefits, employee relations expense, and information technology costs.
In general, our operating expenses are expected to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we invest resources in enhancing our product and growing our business, although such growth is expected to be at a more measured rate than prior years.
Sales and Marketing Expense
Sales and marketing expense primarily includes personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses, commissions, stock-based compensation, and other personnel costs related to sales teams. Additional major expenses in this category include travel and entertainment, marketing activities and promotional events, subcontracting fees, and allocated overhead costs. We are focused on increasing the efficiency of our sales force and marketing activities by enhancing account targeting, messaging, field sales operations, and sales training in order to accelerate the adoption of our platform.
We expect sales and marketing expense to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to grow the size of our sales force, invest in acquiring new customers, further expand usage of our platform within our existing customer base, and broaden our efforts to build on our brand reputation as well as increase market awareness of our platform.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel costs for our employees who develop and enhance our platform, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation, and other personnel costs. Also included are non-personnel costs such as subcontracting, consulting, professional fees to third party development resources, cloud computing and software expenses, and allocated overhead costs.
Our research and development efforts are focused on enhancing the capabilities, speed, and power of our software platform. In 2022, we opened a new product development center in India. Although we expect research and development expense to continue to increase in absolute dollars, as such costs are critical to maintain and improve the quality of applications and our competitive position, we believe our product development center will continue to result in cost savings over time.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation, and other personnel costs for our administrative, legal, human resources, finance, and accounting teams as well as our senior executives. Additional expenses included in this category are non-personnel costs such as travel-related expenses, information security costs related to the protection of our internal systems, contracting and professional fees for such services as audits, taxation, and legal, insurance and other corporate expenses, including allocated overhead costs, and bad debt expenses.
Other Non-Operating Expense (Income)
Other Income, Net
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Other income, net consists primarily of gains and losses related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest income on our cash and cash equivalents and investments, and other sources of income or expense not related to our core business operations.
Interest Expense
Interest expense consists primarily of interest on our debt, amortization of deferred financing fees, unused credit facility fees, and commitment fees on our letters of credit.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||
| Subscriptions | $ | 160,311 | $ | 134,352 | |||||||
| Professional services | 41,869 | 32,074 | |||||||||
| Total revenue | 202,180 | 166,426 | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue | |||||||||||
| Subscriptions | 22,904 | 18,521 | |||||||||
| Professional services | 31,507 | 25,519 | |||||||||
Total cost of revenue(1) | 54,411 | 44,040 | |||||||||
| Gross profit | 147,769 | 122,386 | |||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 64,619 | 56,310 | |||||||||
| Research and development | 46,324 | 41,830 | |||||||||
| General and administrative | 33,670 | 25,080 | |||||||||
Total operating expenses(1) | 144,613 | 123,220 | |||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 3,156 | (834) | |||||||||
| Other non-operating expense (income) | |||||||||||
Other income, net | (84) | (5,716) | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 4,172 | 5,318 | |||||||||
| Total other non-operating expense (income) | 4,088 | (398) | |||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (932) | (436) | |||||||||
| Income tax expense | 593 | 741 | |||||||||
Net loss | $ | (1,525) | $ | (1,177) | |||||||
(1) Certain prior period operating expenses have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These changes have been reflected in the table above as well as within our results from operation discussion below. For further information, refer to Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements.
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The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of total revenue:
* Totals may not foot due to rounding.
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025
Revenue
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subscriptions | $ | 160,311 | $ | 134,352 | 25,959 | 19.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 41,869 | 32,074 | 9,795 | 30.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 202,180 | $ | 166,426 | $ | 35,754 | 21.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
Total revenue increased $35.8 million, or 21.5%, in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 due to an increase in our subscriptions revenue of $26.0 million coupled with an increase in our professional services revenue of $9.8 million. The increase in subscriptions revenue was driven by a $24.7 million increase in cloud subscriptions revenue and a $1.3 million increase in other subscriptions revenue. With respect to new versus existing customers, there was a $5.1 million increase in subscriptions revenue from sales to new customers, while the remaining $20.8 million of the increase was attributable to expanded deployments, price increases on renewals, and corresponding sales of additional subscriptions to existing customers. The increase in
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professional services revenue was due primarily to a $5.7 million increase in revenue from sales to new customers along with a $4.1 million increase in sales to existing customers.
Cost of Revenue
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subscriptions | $ | 22,904 | $ | 18,521 | $ | 4,383 | 23.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 31,507 | 25,519 | 5,988 | 23.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | $ | 54,411 | $ | 44,040 | $ | 10,371 | 23.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
Gross Profit: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subscriptions | $ | 137,407 | $ | 115,831 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 10,362 | 6,555 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total gross profit | $ | 147,769 | $ | 122,386 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Subscriptions gross margin | 85.7 | % | 86.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services gross margin | 24.7 | % | 20.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross margin | 73.1 | % | 73.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue increased $10.4 million, or 23.5%, in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025, primarily due to a $3.6 million increase in hosting costs coupled with a $3.6 million increase in professional services and product support personnel costs and a $2.3 million increase in contractor costs. Hosting costs increased due to an increase in sales of our cloud offering during the three months ended March 31, 2026, while contractor costs increased due to an increase in the usage of subcontractors for professional services engagements. Professional services and product support personnel costs increased due to an increase in salaries and an 18% increase in headcount from March 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026.
Sales and Marketing Expense
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | 64,619 | $ | 56,310 | 8,309 | 14.8% | |||||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 32.0 | % | 33.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing expense increased $8.3 million, or 14.8%, in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025, primarily due to a $5.4 million increase in sales and marketing personnel costs, a $1.5 million increase in travel and entertainment costs, and a $1.1 million increase in marketing expenses. Sales and marketing personnel costs increased due to a 9% increase in headcount from March 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026. Travel and entertainment expenses increased due to increases in airfare and lodging associated with a higher number of in-person events and engagements relative to the prior year. In addition, marketing expenses increased due to higher spend on marketing materials and events relative to the prior year.
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Research and Development Expense
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | $ | 46,324 | $ | 41,830 | 4,494 | 10.7% | |||||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 22.9 | % | 25.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Research and development expense increased $4.5 million, or 10.7%, in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. This change is primarily attributable to a $2.6 million increase in research and development personnel costs and a $0.8 million increase in cloud computing and software costs. Research and development personnel costs increased due to a 6% increase in headcount period over period in addition to a $0.7 million increase in stock compensation expense.
General and Administrative Expense
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative | $ | 33,670 | $ | 25,080 | $ | 8,590 | 34.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 16.7 | % | 15.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expense increased $8.6 million, or 34.3%, in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 primarily due to a $5.9 million increase in professional fees and a $2.4 million increase in general and administrative personnel costs. These increases were partially offset by a $0.8 million decrease in insurance expense. The increase in professional fees was the result of a net $5.2 million increase in legal fees associated with our litigation against Pegasystems. Personnel costs increased largely due to an increase in salaries and an 18% increase in headcount from March 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026 coupled with a $0.7 million increase in stock compensation expense. Insurance expense decreased due to a $1.0 million decrease in amortization expense related to our judgment preservation insurance policy due to a change in the estimated amortization period.
Other Income, Net
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | $ | (84) | $ | (5,716) | $ | 5,632 | (98.5) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | — | % | (3.4) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Other income, net was $0.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to $5.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025. This change was primarily due to $1.5 million in foreign exchange losses in the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $4.1 million in foreign exchange gains in the three months ended March 31, 2025.
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Interest Expense
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 4,172 | $ | 5,318 | $ | (1,146) | (21.5) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 2.1 | % | 3.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense decreased by $1.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to the corresponding period in 2025 primarily due to a lower effective interest rate and lower outstanding principal compared to the prior year period.
Income Tax Expense
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | $ | 593 | $ | 741 | $ | (148) | (20.0) | % | |||||||||||||||
% of revenue | 0.3 | % | 0.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense decreased by $0.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to the corresponding period in 2025. This change was primarily driven by decreased pre-tax book income in certain international subsidiaries for the three months ended March 31, 2026.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, we provide investors with certain non-GAAP financial performance measures. We use these non-GAAP financial performance measures for financial and operational decision-making and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding certain expenses that may not be indicative of our recurring core business operating results. We believe both management and investors benefit from referring to these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing our performance and when planning, forecasting, and analyzing future periods. These non-GAAP financial measures also facilitate management’s internal comparisons to historical performance as well as comparisons to competitors’ operating results. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors both because (1) they allow for greater transparency with respect to measures used by management in its financial and operational decision-making and (2) they are used by institutional investors and the analyst community to help them analyze the health of our business.
Our non-GAAP financial performance measures include the following: non-GAAP subscriptions cost of revenue, non-GAAP professional services cost of revenue, non-GAAP total cost of revenue, non-GAAP total operating expense, non-GAAP operating income (loss), non-GAAP income tax expense (benefit), non-GAAP net income (loss), and non-GAAP net income (loss) per share, basic and diluted. These non-GAAP financial performance measures exclude the effect of stock-based compensation expense, unrealized foreign exchange rate gains and losses, certain non-ordinary litigation-related expenses consisting of legal and other professional fees associated with the Pegasystems cases (net of insurance reimbursements), or Litigation Expense, amortization of the judgment preservation insurance policy, or JPI Amortization, and lease impairments and lease-related charges associated with actions taken to reduce the footprint of our leased office spaces, or Lease Impairment and Lease-Related Charges. While some of these items may be recurring in nature and should not be disregarded in the evaluation of our earnings performance, it is useful to exclude such items when analyzing current results and trends compared to other periods as these items can vary significantly from period to period depending on specific underlying transactions or events that may occur. Therefore, while we may incur or recognize these types of expenses in the
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future, we believe removing these items for purposes of calculating our non-GAAP financial measures provides investors with a more focused presentation of our ongoing operating performance.
We also discuss adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial performance measure we believe offers a useful view of the overall operation of our business. We define adjusted EBITDA as net loss before (1) other income, net, (2) interest expense, (3) income tax expense, (4) depreciation expense and amortization of intangible assets, (5) stock-based compensation expense, (6) Litigation Expense, (7) JPI Amortization, and (8) Lease Impairment and Lease-Related Charges. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to adjusted EBITDA is net loss. Users should consider the limitations of using adjusted EBITDA, including the fact this measure does not provide a complete depiction of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to purport to be an alternative to net loss as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity.
The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or superior to the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, and our non-GAAP measures may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies.
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The following tables reconcile our non-GAAP measures to their nearest comparable GAAP measures (in thousands, except per share data):
| GAAP Measure | Stock-Based Compensation | Litigation Expense | JPI Amortization | Lease Impairment and Lease-Related Charges | Unrealized Foreign Exchange Rate Gains and Losses | Non-GAAP Measure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subscriptions cost of revenue | $ | 22,904 | $ | (559) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | 22,345 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services cost of revenue | 31,507 | (1,638) | — | — | — | — | 29,869 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | 54,411 | (2,197) | — | — | — | — | 52,214 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing expense | 64,619 | (2,403) | — | — | — | — | 62,216 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development expense | 46,324 | (3,735) | — | — | — | — | 42,589 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense | 33,670 | (3,554) | (6,948) | (2,055) | (302) | — | 20,811 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expense | 144,613 | (9,692) | (6,948) | (2,055) | (302) | — | 125,616 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating income | 3,156 | 11,889 | 6,948 | 2,055 | 302 | — | 24,350 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-operating income | (84) | — | — | — | — | (848) | (932) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax impact of above items | 593 | 507 | — | — | — | 199 | 1,299 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income | (1,525) | 11,382 | 6,948 | 2,055 | 302 | 649 | 19,811 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income per share, basic(c) | $ | (0.02) | $ | 0.15 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.03 | $ | — | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income per share, diluted(a,c) | $ | (0.02) | $ | 0.15 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.03 | $ | — | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subscriptions cost of revenue | $ | 18,521 | $ | (498) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | 18,023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services cost of revenue | 25,519 | (1,456) | — | — | — | — | 24,063 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | 44,040 | (1,954) | — | — | — | — | 42,086 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing expense | 56,310 | (2,246) | — | — | — | — | 54,064 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development expense | 41,830 | (3,014) | — | — | — | — | 38,816 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense | 25,080 | (2,825) | (1,712) | (3,084) | (312) | 17,147 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expense | 123,220 | (8,085) | (1,712) | (3,084) | (312) | — | 110,027 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating (loss) income | (834) | 10,039 | 1,712 | 3,084 | 312 | — | 14,313 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-operating (income) expense | (5,716) | — | — | — | — | 4,016 | (1,700) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax impact of above items | 741 | 455 | — | — | — | (267) | 929 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | (1,177) | 9,584 | 1,712 | 3,084 | 312 | (3,749) | 9,766 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income per share, basic(c) | $ | (0.02) | $ | 0.13 | $ | 0.02 | $ | 0.04 | $ | — | $ | (0.05) | $ | 0.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income per share, diluted(b,c) | $ | (0.02) | $ | 0.13 | $ | 0.02 | $ | 0.04 | $ | — | $ | (0.05) | $ | 0.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Accounts for the impact of 0.6 million shares of dilutive securities.
(b) Accounts for the impact of 0.4 million shares of dilutive securities.
(c) Per share amounts do not foot due to rounding.
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The following table reconciles GAAP net loss to adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
GAAP net loss | $ | (1,525) | $ | (1,177) | |||||||
| Other income, net | (84) | (5,716) | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 4,172 | 5,318 | |||||||||
| Income tax expense | 593 | 741 | |||||||||
Depreciation expense and amortization of intangible assets | 2,273 | 2,446 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 11,889 | 10,039 | |||||||||
Litigation Expense | 6,948 | 1,712 | |||||||||
JPI Amortization | 2,055 | 3,084 | |||||||||
Lease Impairment and Lease-Related Charges | 302 | 312 | |||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 26,623 | $ | 16,759 | |||||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table presents selected financial information and statistics pertaining to liquidity and capital resources as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 150,025 | $ | 135,810 | |||||||
| Short-term investments and marketable securities | 55,963 | 51,415 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 30,279 | 32,087 | |||||||||
| Working capital* | 51,290 | 67,317 | |||||||||
We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments and marketable securities, together with any positive cash flows from operations and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility, will be sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months.
Sources of Funds
We have historically financed our operations in large part with equity financing arrangements. Our last public offering was completed in June 2020. Through these public offerings, we received net proceeds of $344.8 million.
To further help strengthen our financial position and support our growth initiatives, in November 2022 we entered into a Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement, or the Credit Agreement, which, as amended to date, provides for a five-year term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $200.0 million and, in addition, up to $100.0 million for a revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility in the aggregate availability amount of $20.0 million and a swingline sub-facility in the aggregate availability amount of $10.0 million (as a sublimit of the revolving loan facility).
The Credit Agreement matures on November 3, 2027. We have been using the proceeds to fund the growth of our business and support our working capital requirements. We are currently in compliance with all covenants, had used borrowing capacity of $62.0 million under our $100.0 million revolving credit facility, and had outstanding letters of credit totaling $7.9 million in connection with securing our leased office space.
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We expect future sources of funds to consist primarily of cash generated from sales of subscriptions and the related professional services. We may also elect to raise additional sources of funding through entering into new debt financing arrangements or conducting additional public offerings. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support research and development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, particularly internationally, the introduction of new and enhanced products and functions as well as platform enhancements and professional services offerings, and the level of market acceptance of our product.
Uses of Funds
Our current principal uses of cash are funding operations and other working capital requirements. Historically, we have also utilized cash to pay for the acquisition of businesses that were complementary to ours, and we may pursue similar opportunities in the future. Over the past several years, revenue has increased significantly from year to year and, as a result, cash flows from customer collections have also grown. However, as we continue to invest in growing our business, operating expenses have also increased.
We have also initiated several share repurchase programs as follows (in thousands except average price paid per share):
Board approval date | Value of shares authorized | Number of shares repurchased | Average price paid per share | Value of shares repurchased | |||||||||||||||||||
| February 2024 | $ | 50,000 | 1,321 | $ | 37.86 | $ | 49,999 | ||||||||||||||||
| May 2025 | $ | 10,000 | 313 | $ | 31.91 | $ | 10,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| August 2025 | $ | 10,000 | 327 | $ | 30.60 | $ | 10,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| February 2026 | $ | 50,000 | 843 | $ | 25.85 | $ | 21,808 | ||||||||||||||||
On May 5, 2026, the Board of Directors approved an additional $50.0 million for the Share Repurchase Program, bringing the total aggregate authorization under the program to $100.0 million. All other terms and conditions of the Share Repurchase Program remain unchanged.
Outside of the above items and cash used by operations, other uses of cash in 2026 to date have included capital expenditures related to the expansion of new leased facilities and principal repayments of our term loan debt.
Furthermore, we have a non-cancellable cloud hosting arrangement with AWS that contains provisions for minimum purchase commitments. Specifically, purchase commitments under the agreement total $220.0 million over five years. The agreement, which was originated in July 2021 and amended in October 2024, currently contains minimum annual spending requirements of $44.0 million from November 2024 to October 2029. Spending under this agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 totaled $16.2 million and $10.4 million, respectively. We expect to meet our minimum annual spending requirement during the term of the arrangement.
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Historical Cash Flows
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning cash and cash equivalents | $ | 135,810 | $ | 118,552 | $ | 17,258 | 14.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | (1,525) | (1,177) | (348) | 29.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation and other non-cash adjustments | 15,163 | 8,358 | 6,805 | 81.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in working capital | 35,189 | 37,785 | (2,596) | (6.9) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 48,827 | 44,966 | 3,861 | 8.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used by investing activities | (5,283) | (24,077) | 18,794 | (78.1) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used by financing activities | (28,795) | (5,509) | (23,286) | *** | |||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates | (534) | 1,050 | (1,584) | *** | |||||||||||||||||||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 14,215 | 16,430 | (2,215) | (13.5) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Ending cash and cash equivalents | $ | 150,025 | $ | 134,982 | $ | 15,043 | 11.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
*** Indicates a percentage that is not meaningful.
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $48.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $45.0 million of net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by increased cash collections stemming from strong contract bookings in the fourth quarter of 2025 and the first three months of 2026, as well as our continuing cost management activities.
Investing Activities
Net cash used by investing activities was $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $24.1 million in net cash used by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025. This change was primarily driven by a $26.2 million increase in proceeds from the maturity of investments. This increase was partially offset by a $7.8 million decrease in purchases of short-term investments.
Financing Activities
Net cash used by financing activities was $28.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $5.5 million of net cash used by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase in net cash used by financing activities was primarily due to a $21.8 million increase in repurchases of common stock and a $1.9 million increase in payments for employee taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards during the three months ended March 31, 2026.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
There have been no material changes in our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2026. We are not aware of any specific events or circumstances that would require us to update our estimates, assumptions, and judgments.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.
Interest Rate Risk
We had cash and cash equivalents of $150.0 million as of March 31, 2026, which consisted of investments in money market funds, cash in readily available checking accounts, overnight repurchase investments, and other marketable securities.
As of March 31, 2026, we had outstanding principal debt of $238.4 million, which carries interest as defined in our Credit Agreement. Refer to Note 8 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details. We assessed our exposure to changes in interest rates by analyzing sensitivity to our operating results, assuming various changes in market interest rates. A hypothetical increase of one percentage point in the interest rate as of March 31, 2026 would increase our interest expense by approximately $2.4 million annually.
Inflation Risk
We are exposed to market risks related to inflation in personnel costs, third-party service providers, subcontracting costs, professional fees, and general overhead expenses. If inflation pressure increases in severity, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases and productivity initiatives. While we do not believe inflation has had a material impact on our results of operations to date, a continued high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain operating costs and adversely affect our gross profit margin.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Due to our international operations, we have foreign currency risks related to revenue and operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the British pound sterling, Euro, Australian dollar, and Swiss franc. Our sales contracts are primarily denominated in the local currency of the customer making the purchase. In addition, portions of operating expenses are incurred outside the United States and are denominated in foreign currencies. An increase in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies will negatively affect revenue and other operating results as expressed in U.S. dollars. Based on a sensitivity analysis, a 10% change in the foreign currency exchange rates for the three months ended March 31, 2026 would have impacted our total revenue by approximately $7.2 million and net loss by approximately $0.7 million. This calculation assumes all currencies change in the same direction and proportion relative to the U.S. dollar.
We have experienced, and will continue to experience, fluctuations in net loss as a result of transaction gains or losses related to remeasuring certain current asset and current liability balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded. We have not engaged in the hedging of foreign currency transactions to date, although we may choose to do so in the future.
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act that are designed to ensure information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports it files or submits
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under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2026. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2026, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believes our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, our management does not expect our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Refer to Note 12 – Commitments, Contingencies, and Other Matters of the notes to the consolidated financial statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) for information regarding legal proceedings in which we are involved.
Other Matters
From time to time, we are subject to legal, regulatory, and other proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to risks and events that, if they occur, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the trading price of our securities. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, investors should carefully consider the factors described in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2026. There have been no material changes from the risk factors described in that report.
Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
a.Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities
Not applicable.
b.Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
c.Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Total number of shares purchased(1) | Average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plan | Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| January 1 to January 31, 2026 | 7,100 | $ | 33.43 | 7,100 | 704,315 | ||||||||||||||||||
| February 1 to February 28, 2026 | 9,468 | $ | 26.01 | 9,468 | 694,847 | ||||||||||||||||||
| March 1 to March 31, 2026 | 9,033 | $ | 26.93 | 9,033 | 685,814 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 25,601 | $ | 28.39 | 25,601 | 685,814 | ||||||||||||||||||
(1) Shares purchased represent shares purchased on the open market pursuant to the Appian Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which was approved by the Company’s stockholders on June 11, 2021. The ESPP provides employees with an opportunity to purchase the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions and provides for a Company match of 5% to 15%, subject to limits set forth in the ESPP. Shares purchased under the ESPP are deposited into the participants’ accounts.
(2) Because the number of shares that may be purchased under the ESPP depends on each employee’s voluntary election to participate, their contribution elections, and the fair market value of our Class A Common Stock at various future dates, the actual number of shares that may be purchased under the plan cannot be determined in advance. We have filed a registration statement on S-8 that covers 1,000,000 shares.
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Share Repurchase Program
Total number of shares purchased(1) | Average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced program | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the program | ||||||||||||||||||||
| February 1 to February 28, 2026 | 568,170 | $ | 25.70 | 568,170 | $ | 35,398,031 | |||||||||||||||||
| March 1 to March 31, 2026 | 274,726 | $ | 26.16 | 274,726 | $ | 28,211,199 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 842,896 | $ | 25.87 | 842,896 | $ | 28,211,199 | |||||||||||||||||
(1) On February 17, 2026, the Company announced its Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $50.0 million of our common stock from February 2026 to February 2028.
Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
The adoption or termination of contracts, instructions, or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities by our Section 16 officers and directors for the three months ended March 31, 2026, each of which is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act (“Rule 10b5-1 Plan”), were as follows:
| Name | Title | Action | Date Adopted | Expiration Date | Aggregate # of Securities to be Purchased/Sold | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Matthew Calkins (1) | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board | Adoption | 03/5/2026 | 5/28/2027 | 600,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Matthew Calkins, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors, entered into a prearranged stock trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 on March 5, 2026. Mr. Calkins’ plan provides for the potential sale of up to 600,000 shares of Appian Class A common stock. The plan commences on June 8, 2026 and expires on the earlier of the completion of all authorized transactions under the plan or May 28, 2027.
Other than disclosed above, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibit | Description | Reference | ||||||||||||
| 3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Appian Corporation. | |||||||||||||
| 3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Appian Corporation. | |||||||||||||
| 4.1 | Form of Class A common stock certificate of Appian Corporation. | |||||||||||||
| 10.1 | Eighth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2026, by and among Appian Corporation, Silicon Valley Bank, a division of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Comerica Bank, MUFG Bank, Ltd., Customers Bank, The Toronto-Dominion Bank, New York Branch, and The Bank of Nova Scotia. | |||||||||||||
| 31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||||||||
| 31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||||||||
32.1* | Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||||||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document. | Attached. | ||||||||||||
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | Attached. | ||||||||||||
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | Attached. | ||||||||||||
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | Attached. | ||||||||||||
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | Attached. | ||||||||||||
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | Attached. | ||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover page formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101 | Attached. | ||||||||||||
* The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent the company specifically incorporates it by reference.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| APPIAN CORPORATION | ||||||||||||||||||||
| May 7, 2026 | By: | /s/ Matthew Calkins | /s/ Srdjan Tanjga | |||||||||||||||||
| Name: Matthew Calkins | Name: Srdjan Tanjga | |||||||||||||||||||
| Title: Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer) | Title: Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||||||||||||||||
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