NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Company and Nature of Business
Description of Business
Joby Aviation, Inc. (“Joby Aviation” or the “Company”) is a vertically integrated air mobility company that is building a clean, quiet, fully-electric vertical takeoff and landing (“eVTOL”) aircraft to be used to deliver air transportation as a service. The Company is headquartered in Santa Cruz, California.
Merger with RTP
On August 10, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), Reinvent Technology Partners, a Cayman Islands exempted company and special purpose acquisition company (“RTP”), completed the acquisition of Joby Aero, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Legacy Joby”) pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger (“Merger Agreement”), dated as of February 23, 2021, by and among RTP, RTP Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of RTP, and Legacy Joby. On the Closing Date, RTP was redomesticated as a Delaware corporation and changed its name to Joby Aviation, Inc. and Legacy Joby survived as a wholly-owned subsidiary of RTP (“Merger”).
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, RTP entered into separate subscription agreements with a number of investors (each a “PIPE Investor”), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, and RTP agreed to sell to the PIPE Investors, shares of Common Stock, in a private placement (“PIPE Financing”). The PIPE Financing closed substantially concurrently with the consummation of the Merger.
The Merger, together with the other transactions described in the Merger Agreement and the PIPE Financing, are referred to herein as the (“Reverse Recapitalization”). The number of Legacy Joby common shares and redeemable convertible preferred shares for all periods prior to the Closing Date have been retrospectively increased using the exchange ratio that was established in accordance with the Merger Agreement.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies described in Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, that have had a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes.
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual audited Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes have been condensed or omitted in these accompanying interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes. Accordingly, the accompanying interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.
The results of operations presented in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2026, any other interim periods, or any future year or period. In the opinion of management, these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments and accruals, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair statement of the results of all interim periods reported herein.
Concentrations
Major Customers
No single customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026.
No single customer accounted for 10% of the Company’s accounts and other receivables as of March 31, 2026 and one customer accounted for 12% of the Company’s accounts and other receivables as of December 31, 2025.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). The amendments in this ASU provide that in developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses, all entities may elect a practical expedient that assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2026. The adoption did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires public entities to disclose specified information about certain costs and expenses. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (subtopic 220-40):Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, Clarifying the Effective Date. ASU 2024-03 applies to all public entities and ASU 2025-01 clarifies that the guidance in ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company expects the adoption to have a disclosure only impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). The amendments in this ASU remove all references to prescriptive and sequential software development stages (referred to as “project stages”) throughout Subtopic 350-40 and requires an entity to start capitalizing software costs when (i) a company’s management has authorized and committed to funding the software project and (ii) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the “probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-06 on its consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The amendments in this ASU (i) exclude from derivative accounting non-exchange-traded contracts with underlyings that are based on operations or activities specific to one of the parties to the contract and (ii) clarify that an entity should apply the guidance in Topic 606, including the guidance on noncash consideration in paragraphs 606-10-32-21 through 32-24, to a contract with share-based noncash consideration (for example, shares, share options, or other equity instruments) from a customer for the transfer of goods or services. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-07 on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832). The amendments in this ASU establish the accounting for a government grant received by a business entity, including guidance for (1) a grant related to an asset and (2) a grant related to income. The amendments in this ASU are effective annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2028, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-10 on its consolidated financial statements.
Note 3. Fair Value Measurements
Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the condensed consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair values. Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows:
•Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date;
•Level 2 - Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other
inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and
•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data.
A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability.
The Company’s financial assets consist of Level 1 and 2 assets. The Company classifies its cash equivalents and marketable debt securities within Level 1 or Level 2 because they are valued using either quoted market prices or inputs other than quoted prices which are directly or indirectly observable in the market, including readily-available pricing sources for the identical underlying security which may not be actively traded. The Company’s fixed income available-for-sale securities consist of high quality, investment grade securities from diverse issuers. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of the Company’s marketable debt securities were derived from non-binding market consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data and quoted market prices for similar instruments.
The Company’s financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of Level 1 and Level 3 liabilities. The Company’s Public Warrants (as defined in Note 7) are classified as Level 1 because they are directly observable in the market. The Company classifies Delta Warrant, Earnout Shares Liability (as defined in Note 7) (and EBITDA Earnout liability (as defined in Note 4) within Level 3, because they were valued using unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement. The Delta Warrant, Earnout Shares Liability and EBITDA Earnout liability are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Changes in fair value are recorded in total other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2026 |
| Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
| Assets measured at fair value | | | | | | | |
| Money market funds | $ | 850,608 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 850,608 | |
| Cash equivalents | $ | 850,608 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 850,608 | |
| Term deposits | $ | — | | | $ | 31,254 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 31,254 | |
| Asset backed securities | — | | | 93,888 | | | — | | | 93,888 | |
| Government debt securities | — | | | 1,152,967 | | | — | | | 1,152,967 | |
| Corporate debt securities | — | | | 313,556 | | | — | | | 313,556 | |
| Available-for-sale investments | — | | | 1,591,665 | | | — | | | 1,591,665 | |
| Total fair value of assets | $ | 850,608 | | | $ | 1,591,665 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,442,273 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Liabilities measured at fair value | | | | | | | |
| Common stock warrant liabilities (Public) | $ | 11,248 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 11,248 | |
| Common stock warrant liabilities (Delta) | — | | | — | | | 18,213 | | | 18,213 | |
| Warrant liability | 11,248 | | | — | | | 18,213 | | | 29,461 | |
| Earnout Shares liability | — | | | — | | | 86,942 | | | 86,942 | |
| EBITDA Earnout liability | — | | | — | | | 14,696 | | | 14,696 | |
| Total fair value of liabilities | $ | 11,248 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 119,851 | | | $ | 131,099 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2025 |
| Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
| Assets measured at fair value | | | | | | | |
| Money market funds | $ | 218,080 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 218,080 | |
| Cash equivalents | $ | 218,080 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 218,080 | |
| Term deposits | $ | — | | | $ | 30,937 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 30,937 | |
| Asset backed securities | — | | | 94,183 | | | — | | | 94,183 | |
| Government debt securities | — | | | 641,172 | | | — | | | 641,172 | |
| Corporate debt securities | — | | | 400,814 | | | — | | | 400,814 | |
| Available-for-sale investments | — | | | 1,167,106 | | | — | | | 1,167,106 | |
| Total fair value of assets | $ | 218,080 | | | $ | 1,167,106 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,385,186 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Liabilities measured at fair value | | | | | | | |
| Common stock warrant liabilities (Public) | $ | 56,392 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 56,392 | |
| Common stock warrant liabilities (Delta) | — | | | — | | | 48,486 | | | 48,486 | |
Warrant liability | 56,392 | | | — | | | 48,486 | | | 104,878 | |
| Earnout Shares liability | — | | | — | | | 156,692 | | | 156,692 | |
| EBITDA Earnout liability | — | | | $ | — | | | 13,424 | | | 13,424 | |
| Total fair value of liabilities | $ | 56,392 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 218,602 | | | $ | 274,994 | |
The following is a summary of the Company’s available-for-sale securities (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2026 |
| Cost or Amortized Cost | | Unrealized
Gains | | Unrealized
Losses | | Allowance for credit losses | | Fair value |
| Assets measured at fair value | | | | | | | | | |
| Term deposits | $ | 31,254 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 31,254 | |
| Asset backed securities | 93,840 | | | 55 | | | (7) | | | — | | | 93,888 | |
| Government debt securities | 1,155,927 | | | 96 | | | (3,056) | | | — | | | 1,152,967 | |
| Corporate debt securities | 313,559 | | | 111 | | | (114) | | | — | | | 313,556 | |
| Total | $ | 1,594,580 | | | $ | 262 | | | $ | (3,177) | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,591,665 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2025 |
| Cost or Amortized Cost | | Unrealized
Gains | | Unrealized
Losses | | Allowance for credit losses | | Fair value |
| Assets measured at fair value | | | | | | | | | |
| Term deposits | $ | 30,937 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 30,937 | |
| Asset backed securities | 93,990 | | | 193 | | | — | | | — | | | 94,183 | |
| Government debt securities | 640,270 | | | 902 | | | — | | | — | | | 641,172 | |
| Corporate debt securities | 400,231 | | | 592 | | | (9) | | | — | | | 400,814 | |
| Total | $ | 1,165,428 | | | $ | 1,687 | | | $ | (9) | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,167,106 | |
The weighted-average remaining maturity of the Company’s investment portfolio was less than one year as of the periods presented. No individual security incurred continuous significant unrealized losses for greater than 12 months. There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 financial instruments in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
The following table sets forth a summary of the change in the fair value, which is recognized as a component of total other income (loss), net within the condensed consolidated statement of operations, of the Company’s Level 3 financial liabilities (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Earnout Shares liability | | Common stock warrant liability (Delta) | | EBITDA Earnout liability |
| Fair value as of January 1, 2026 | $ | 156,692 | | | $ | 48,486 | | | $ | 13,424 | |
| Issuance (Settlement) of liability | — | | | (37,870) | | | — | |
| Change in fair value | (69,750) | | | 7,597 | | | 1,272 | |
| Fair value as of March 31, 2026 | $ | 86,942 | | | $ | 18,213 | | | $ | 14,696 | |
| | | | | |
Note 4. Acquisitions
Business Combination
On August 29, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding equity of Blade Urban Air Mobility, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Strata Critical Medical, Inc, f/k/a Blade Air Mobility, Inc. (“Seller”). Blade Urban Air Mobility, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Blade”) operate a technology-powered, global urban air mobility platform through which they provide air charter broker and other services. The transaction is expected to unlock immediate market access and infrastructure across key urban corridors in New York City and Southern Europe and allow the Company to combine its best-in-class technology with Blade’s experience of delivering premium customer transportation at scale.
The Company acquired all assets and assumed liabilities of Blade for total purchase consideration of $92.4 million, consisting of (i) 5,325,585 shares of the Company’s common stock with an aggregate fair value of $74.5 million, calculated net of $1.5 million attributed to the Company’s post-combination compensation expense, (ii) payments contingent upon the achievement of future Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) targets with a fair value of $7.6 million (“EBITDA Earnout”), (iii) indemnity holdback amount of $10.0 million (“Indemnity Holdback”), and (iv) pre-combination-attributed fair value of substitution RSUs of $0.3 million. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination be recognized at their estimated acquisition-date fair values.
In connection with the acquisition, the Company agreed to make payments up to $17.5 million to the Seller, in cash or common stock at the Company’s election, subject to certain adjustments, payable 18 months following the acquisition date if certain key employees of Blade remain employed by the Company (“Retention Earnout”). The Company also issued substitution RSUs with an estimated post-combination-attributed fair value of $2.5 million to certain officers and employees of Blade. The substitution RSUs vest contingent upon each employee’s continued employment with the Company or its subsidiaries, and are recognized as stock-based compensation expense over the RSUs’ vesting terms, commencing on the acquisition date. The Retention Earnout and the substitution RSUs are accounted for as post-combination compensation expense within selling, general and administrative in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Retention Earnout liability amounted to $6.9 million and $4.0 million, respectively (Note 5).
The Company also entered into a transition services agreement (“TSA”) and Commercial Agreement (“CA”) with the Seller in connection with the acquisition. Under the TSA, the Company and the Seller will provide to each other certain transitional services, including technology support, safety and legal support, business unit and flight operations support, certain administrative services, and access to shared contracts and insurance arrangements. Costs incurred in connection with the TSA will be recognized as expense in the period incurred in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Under the CA, the Seller must generally offer the Company the right to provide certain medical transport services before engaging competing providers for a period of eight years from the closing date
The EBITDA Earnout provides for payments of up to $17.5 million contingent upon the achievement of certain EBITDA targets over the first fiscal year following the acquisition date. The fair value of the EBITDA Earnout was calculated by a risk-neutral Monte Carlo simulation, using Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM), which included significant unobservable Level 3 inputs, such as projected adjusted EBITDA and a discount rate of 7.2%. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the EBITDA Earnout liability amounted to $14.7 million and $13.4 million, respectively (Note 5).
As part of the acquisition, $10.0 million was retained by the Company to satisfy the Company’s post-closing indemnification claims, if any, against the seller. The Indemnity Holdback will be released and paid to the seller 18 months
following the closing date, subject to reduction to satisfy indemnification obligations of the seller, if any. All or a portion of the Indemnity Holdback or the EBITDA Earnout may be paid, at the Company’s election, in cash or in shares of the Company’s common stock.
The following table summarizes the Company’s preliminary allocation of the purchase consideration to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| Assets | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 1,070 | |
| Restricted cash | | 813 | |
| Accounts and other receivables | | 4,194 | |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | 7,126 | |
| Property and equipment, net | | 2,111 | |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | | 4,964 | |
| Intangible assets | | 17,000 | |
| Other non-current assets | | 438 | |
| Goodwill | | 75,100 | |
| Total assets | | $ | 112,816 | |
| Liabilities | | |
| Accounts payable | | $ | 1,600 | |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | 14,622 | |
| Operating lease liabilities, current portion | | 2,882 | |
| Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | | 2,240 | |
| Other non-current liabilities | | 336 | |
| Total liabilities | | $ | 21,680 | |
| Total net assets acquired | | $ | 91,136 | |
| | |
The fair values of the acquired assets are still provisional and subject to change within the measurement period. The final determination of the fair values of the acquired assets is expected to be completed as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date. The primary areas that are preliminary relate to net working capital adjustments, the fair values of goodwill, intangible assets, certain tangible assets and liabilities, and income taxes. During the three month period ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded measurement-period adjustments of $1.3 million, net, consisting of a $1.6 million net working capital adjustment that reduced purchase consideration and $0.3 million, net, of other measurement-period adjustments that affected the provisional amounts assigned to net assets acquired and goodwill and did not change purchase consideration. No measurement-period adjustments were recorded during the three month period ended March 31, 2026. Any additional changes to the preliminary estimates of the fair value during the measurement period will be recorded as adjustments to those assets and liabilities with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill.
The following table summarizes the preliminary estimated fair value and useful lives of intangible assets acquired (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Estimated Useful Life
(Years) | | Estimated Fair Value |
| Exclusive rights to air transportation services | | 10 | | $ | 8,800 | |
| Developed technology | | 2 | | 6,200 | |
| Customer relationships | | 2 | | 1,000 | |
| Trade name | | 2 | | 1,000 | |
| Total intangible assets | | | | $ | 17,000 | |
Each of the intangible assets acquired fair values were evaluated with the following valuation methodology:
•Exclusive rights to air transportation services agreements were evaluated using the Multi-period Excess Earnings Method, a form of the Income approach. Free cash flows were discounted using a discount rate of 9.5%. Key assumptions include forecasted revenue, EBITDA, income tax rate, contributory asset charges, and discount rate.
•Developed technology was evaluated using the Cost to Recreate Method, a form of the Cost Approach. Key assumptions include direct and indirect developer costs, developer’s profit, and opportunity cost.
•Customer relationships were valued using the With and Without Method, a form of the Income Approach, and then discounted to present value using a discount rate of 9.5%. Key assumptions include forecasted free cash flows with and without the customers in place, income tax rate, and discount rate.
•Trade names were evaluated using the Relief-from Royalty Method, a form of the Income Approach, and then discounted to present value using a discount rate of 9.5%. Key assumptions include forecasted revenue, royalty rate, income tax rate, and discount rate.
In connection with the acquisition, the Company recognized $75.1 million of goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
The acquired goodwill is tax deductible. It represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the aggregate preliminary fair values of identifiable assets acquired at the acquisition date and is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and expected synergies at the time of the acquisition.
In connection with the acquisition, the Company recognized $6.0 million of transaction costs during the year ended December 31, 2025, which were related to financial advisory, legal, accounting and other professional fees and were included within selling, general and administrative in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Asset acquisition
On March 6, 2026, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interests in a special purpose entity that holds an industrial property located in Ohio for a total consideration of $62.3 million. The acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition in accordance with ASC 805-50, which requires the cost of the acquisition, including transaction costs, to be allocated to the assets acquired on a relative fair value basis. The acquired assets consist primarily of land ($3.1 million), building ($55.7 million) and identifiable intangible assets related to the existing third-party lease ($3.5 million), including in-place lease value and leasing-related intangibles. The property is subject to a long-term third-party lease that generates rental income for the Company. The allocation of the purchase price is based on a third-party valuation and reflects management’s estimates of fair value.
Note 5. Balance Sheet Components
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31,
2026 | | December 31,
2025 |
| Equipment | $ | 140,436 | | | $ | 126,874 | |
| Buildings | 74,369 | | | 23,801 | |
| Molds and tooling | 33,974 | | | 33,077 | |
| Leasehold improvements | 28,197 | | | 22,831 | |
| Computer software | 20,156 | | | 20,017 | |
| Land | 9,347 | | | 6,270 | |
| Vehicles and aircraft | 3,608 | | | 3,509 | |
| Furniture and fixtures | 2,502 | | | 2,364 | |
| Construction in-progress | 36,611 | | | 36,977 | |
| Gross property and equipment | 349,200 | | | 275,720 | |
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (138,113) | | | (129,149) | |
| Property and equipment, net | $ | 211,087 | | | $ | 146,571 | |
Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $8.9 million and $7.9 million, respectively. Vehicles and aircraft include utility automobiles used at the Company’s various facilities and purchased aircraft to support the Company’s air operations and training.
Intangible Assets, Net
The intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31,
2026 | | December 31,
2025 |
Developed technology | $ | 13,100 | | | $ | 13,100 | |
Exclusive rights to air transportation services | 8,800 | | | 8,800 | |
| Lease in-place | 3,509 | | | — | |
| Other intangibles | 2,500 | | | 2,500 | |
| Gross intangible assets | 27,909 | | | 24,400 | |
| Accumulated amortization | (7,549) | | | (5,541) | |
| Intangible assets, net | $ | 20,360 | | | $ | 18,859 | |
Amortization expense related to intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $2.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2026, the weighted-average amortization period of intangible assets was 5.3 years.
The following table presents the estimated future amortization expense of acquired amortizable intangible assets as of March 31, 2026 (in thousands):
| | | | | |
| Fiscal Year | Amount |
2026 (remainder) | $ | 6,111 | |
| 2027 | 5,343 | |
2028 | 1,582 | |
2029 | 1,582 | |
2030 and thereafter | 5,742 | |
| $ | 20,360 | |
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31,
2026 | | December 31,
2025 |
| Prepaid software | $ | 10,305 | | | $ | 9,263 | |
| Prepaid equipment | 6,904 | | | 2,278 | |
| Prepaid taxes | 4,359 | | | 3,175 | |
Prepaid operators | 3,893 | | | 4,218 | |
| Prepaid insurance | 2,009 | | | 6,151 | |
| Other | 6,266 | | | 5,394 | |
| Total | $ | 33,736 | | | $ | 30,479 | |
Other Non-Current Assets
Other non-current assets consist of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31,
2026 | | December 31,
2025 |
| Contractual agreement asset | $ | 59,611 | | | $ | 59,611 | |
Long-term prepaid insurance | 373 | | | 431 | |
| Other non-current assets | 2,732 | | | 1,891 | |
| Total | $ | 62,716 | | | $ | 61,933 | |
Accrued and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31,
2026 | | December 31,
2025 |
| Vendor related accruals | $ | 33,225 | | | $ | 26,589 | |
EBITDA Earnout liability (Note 4) | 14,696 | | | — | |
Indemnity Holdback liability (Note 4) | 10,000 | | | — | |
| Payroll accruals | 8,003 | | | 5,227 |
| Contract liabilities under contracts with customers | 6,912 | | | 7,003 | |
Retention Earnout liability (Note 4) | 6,891 | | | — | |
ESPP accrual | 6,552 | | | 2,062 | |
Short-term finance lease liability | 3,338 | | | 2,254 | |
| Other accruals and current liabilities | 7,339 | | | 4,883 | |
| Total | $ | 96,956 | | | $ | 48,018 | |
Other Non-Current Liabilities
Other non-current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31,
2026 | | December 31,
2025 |
| Finance lease liabilities | $ | 8,835 | | | $ | 7,447 | |
EBITDA Earnout liability (Note 4) | — | | | 13,424 | |
Indemnity Holdback liability (Note 4) | — | | | 10,000 | |
Retention Earnout liability (Note 4) | — | | | 4,006 | |
| Other non-current liabilities | 4,307 | | | 2,716 | |
| Total | $ | 13,142 | | | $ | 37,593 | |
Note 6. Long-term debt
The Company’s long-term debt consisted of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2026 | | December 31, 2025 |
Convertible Notes | | $ | 670,306 | | | $ | — | |
Mortgage Loan | | 30,750 | | | — | |
| Total | | $ | 701,056 | | | $ | — | |
Convertible Notes
On February 2, 2026, the Company issued $690.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.75% convertible senior notes due 2032 (the “2032 Notes”), including the full exercise of the initial purchasers’ option to purchase an additional $90 million principal amount. The Company received net proceeds of $669.8 million from the issuance of the 2032 Notes, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and issuance costs. These debt issuance costs are presented as a direct
deduction from the carrying amount of the 2032 Notes and are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method. The unamortized debt issuance costs as of March 31, 2026 amounted to $19.7 million.
The 2032 Notes are senior, unsecured obligations and bear interest at 0.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 (beginning August 15, 2026). The 2032 Notes mature on February 15, 2032, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. Holders may convert their 2032 Notes at their option under the following conditions: (i) during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on March 31, 2026 and only during such fiscal quarter, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day, (ii) during the five business-day period after any ten consecutive trading-day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of such five consecutive trading-day period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (iii) if the Company issues a notice of redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date, but only with respect to the notes called (or deemed called) for redemption, or (iv) only upon the occurrence of certain events prior to November 17, 2031, and at any time thereafter preceding maturity. Upon conversion, the Company may settle the conversion obligation in cash, shares of common stock, or a combination of cash and shares, at the Company’s election. The Company may not redeem the 2032 Notes prior to February 20, 2029. The Company may redeem all or any portion of the 2032 Notes on or after February 20, 2029, subject to the conditions and limitations described in the indenture. No sinking fund is provided for the 2032 Notes. The initial conversion rate is 70.4846 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2032 Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of $14.19 per share). The conversion rate is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments and may be increased in certain circumstances upon a make-whole fundamental change or following a notice of redemption. The 2032 Notes include customary covenants and certain events of default after which they may be declared immediately due and payable and set forth certain types of bankruptcy or insolvency events of default after which they become automatically due and payable.
As of March 31, 2026, none of the conditions permitting early conversion had been met. Accordingly, the 2032 Notes were classified as long-term as of March 31, 2026. The fair value of the 2032 Notes was $588.6 million as of March 31, 2026. The estimated fair value of the 2032 Notes was based on observable quoted prices in markets that are not active and are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 Fair Value Measurement. For the three months period ended March 31, 2026, the effective interest rate on the 2032 Notes was 1.3% per annum, and interest expense recognized totaled $1.3 million, consisting of $0.8 million of contractual interest and $0.5 million of amortization of debt issuance costs.
Mortgage Loan
On March 6, 2026, the Company entered into a mortgage loan in connection with the acquisition of an industrial property (Note 4) which is held through a special purpose entity. The loan has a principal balance of $30.75 million and is secured by a first priority mortgage on the underlying real property, together with an assignment of leases and rents and a pledge of the equity interests in the special purpose entity. The carrying value of the assets pledged as collateral primarily consists of land, building and related lease intangible assets associated with the property. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.784% per annum and requires interest-only monthly payments, with the outstanding principal balance due at maturity in March 2036. As of March 31, 2026, the carrying value of the real estate assets pledged as collateral, including land and building was $62.1 million.
The loan agreement includes customary covenants, including debt yield requirements, cash management provisions, and restrictions on additional indebtedness, transfers of the property or ownership interests, and certain leasing and operating activities. The loan also includes customary prepayment provisions, including yield maintenance requirements, which may result in prepayment premiums if the loan is repaid before maturity.
As of March 31, 2026, the Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants under the 2032 Notes and the Mortgage Loan agreements.
Note 7. Stock Warrants, Earnout Shares and Contingent Consideration
Private Placement and Public Warrants
In connection with the Merger, each of the 17,250,000 publicly-traded warrants (“Public Warrants”) and 11,533,333 private placement warrants (“Private Placement Warrants” and, together with the Public Warrants, the “Common Stock Warrants”) issued to Reinvent Sponsor, LLC (the “Sponsor”) in connection with RTP’s initial public offering and subsequent overallotment were converted into an equal number of warrants that entitle the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Common stock, par value $0.0001 (“Common Stock”) at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to
adjustments, and will expire five years after the completion of the Merger or earlier upon redemption or the Company’s liquidation. The Company may redeem the outstanding Common Stock Warrants subject to certain Common Stock price and other conditions as defined in the Warrant Agreement between RTP and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (“Warrant Agreement”) and the Sponsor Agreement by and among the Company, Sponsor and RTP (“Sponsor Agreement”).
The Private Placement Warrants were initially recognized as a liability on August 10, 2021, at a fair value of $21.9 million. On August 11, 2025, the Private Placement Warrants were fully exercised on cashless basis and 4,128,197 shares of common stock were issued upon this cashless exercise of 11,533,333 private placement warrants. The Private Warrant liability was remeasured to fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2025, resulting in a gain of $9.1 million, which is included within the gain from change in the fair value of warrants, earnout shares and contingent consideration, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Public Warrants were initially recognized as a liability on August 10, 2021 at a fair value of $32.8 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the public warrant liability was remeasured to fair value based upon the market price as of March 31, 2026 and 2025, resulting in a gain of $45.1 million and $13.6 million, respectively, which is included within the gain from change in the fair value of warrants, earnout shares and contingent consideration, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, 3,174 Public Warrants were exercised.
Earnout Shares Liability
In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization and pursuant to the Sponsor Agreement, Sponsor agreed to certain terms of vesting, lock-up and transfer with respect to the 17,130,000 common shares held by it (“Earnout Shares”). The terms of the Sponsor Agreement specify that the Earnout Shares will vest upon achieving certain specified release events. In accordance with ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging, the Earnout Shares are not indexed to the Common Stock and therefore are accounted for as a liability (“Earnout Shares Liability”) as of the Closing Date and subsequently remeasured at each reporting date with changes in fair value recorded as a component of total other income (loss), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Under the vesting schedule, 20% of the Earnout Shares vest in tranches when the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s common stock quoted on the NYSE is greater than $12.00, $18.00, $24.00, $32.00 and $50.00 for any 20 trading days within a period of 30 trading days (each such occurrence a “Triggering Event”). After ten years following the consummation of the Merger (“Earnout Period”), any Earnout Shares which have not yet vested are forfeited. On July 17, 2025, the first Triggering Event occurred when the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s common stock quoted on the NYSE exceeded $12.00 for 20 trading days within a period of 30 consecutive trading days resulting in vesting of 3,426,000 Earnout Shares. No Earnout Shares vested during the three month period ended March 31, 2026.
Earnout Shares Liability at the closing of the Merger on August 10, 2021, was $149.9 million based on a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model using a distribution of potential outcomes on a monthly basis over the Earnout Period using the most reliable information available.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized a gain related to the change in the fair value of the Earnout Shares Liability of $69.7 million and $36.8 million, respectively, included within the gain from change in fair value of warrants, earnout shares and contingent consideration in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Assumptions used in the valuation are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2026 | | December 31, 2025 |
| Expected volatility | 76.50 | % | | 76.10 | % |
| Risk-free interest rate | 3.95 | % | | 3.79 | % |
| Dividend rate | 0.00 | % | | 0.00 | % |
| Expected term (in years) | 5.36 | | 5.61 |
Delta Warrant
In connection with the umbrella agreement that the Company entered with Delta Air Lines, Inc. (“Delta”) on October 7, 2022, the Company sold and issued to Delta, in a private placement, 11,044,232 shares of the Company’s Common Stock,
at the per-share purchase price of $5.4327, for an aggregate cash consideration of $60.0 million. In addition, the Company issued a warrant for Delta to purchase up to 12,833,333 shares of the Company’s common stock in two tranches, subject to certain milestone achievement conditions (“Delta Warrant”).
The first and the second tranches of the warrant permit Delta to purchase up to 7,000,000 and 5,833,333 shares of Common Stock at exercise prices of $10 and $12, respectively, with each tranche becoming exercisable upon satisfaction of its applicable milestone and expiring on the ten year anniversary of the warrant issuance date. The number of shares and exercise price for both tranches is subject to value cap adjustment if the 30 day volume weighted average price per share of the Company’s stock exceeds 150% of each respective tranche’s exercise price, but disregarding any price increases occurring within 10 business days after a public announcement of the achievement of an applicable milestone, if any. On January 12, 2026, following satisfaction of the applicable milestone on November 10, 2025, Delta exercised the first tranche of the Delta Warrant for 7,000,000 shares.
The Company concluded that no assets or liabilities were transferred by either party beyond the Company’s issuance of common stock and warrants in exchange for the total cash consideration from Delta, that the umbrella agreement does not constitute a funded research and development agreement in the scope of ASC 730 Research and Development or a collaborative agreement in the scope of ASC 808 Collaborative Agreements, and that the Delta Warrant is a freestanding financial instrument not indexed to the Company’s own stock. Accordingly, the Company recognized the issuance of Common Stock as equity in additional paid-in capital on condensed consolidated balance sheets and the Delta Warrant as liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value.
The Delta Warrant issuance was initially recognized as a liability on October 7, 2022, at a fair value of $16.1 million based on a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model using the most reliable information available. The Delta Warrant’s liability was remeasured to fair value during the three months period ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, resulting in a gain of $7.6 million and a gain of $11.4 million, respectively, which is included within the gain from change in the fair value of warrants, earnout shares and contingent consideration, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations
Assumptions used in the valuation of Delta Warrants are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2026 | | December 31, 2025 |
| Expected volatility | 76.50 | % | | 76.10 | % |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.06 | % | | 3.92 | % |
| Dividend rate | 0.00 | % | | 0.00% |
| Expected term (in years) | 6.5 | | 6.8 |
EBITDA Earnout Liability
In connection with the Company’s acquisition of Blade (Note 4), the Company recorded contingent consideration related to EBITDA Earnout. The EBITDA Earnout Liability at the closing of the acquisition on August 29, 2025 was $7.6 million based on a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model using the most reliable information available. During the three month period ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized a loss related to the change in the fair value of the EBITDA Earnout Liability of $1.3 million which is included within loss from change in fair value of warrants, earnout shares and contingent consideration in the consolidated statements of operations.
Assumptions used in the valuation are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2026 | | December 31, 2025 |
| Expected volatility | 34.40 | % | | 35.70 | % |
| Risk-free interest rate | 3.68 | % | | 3.41 | % |
| Dividend rate | 0.00 | % | | 0.00 | % |
| Expected term (in years) | 0.41 | | 0.66 |
Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies
Contingencies
As of March 31, 2026, the Company had $11.8 million of unconditional purchase obligations with remaining terms in excess of one year. These obligations primarily relate to the Company’s purchase agreements for certain aircraft parts through 2028.
The Company has contractual relationships with various aircraft operators to provide aircraft service for the Blade chartered flights. Under these capacity purchase agreements (“CPAs”), the Company pays the operator contractually agreed fees (carrier costs) for operating these flights. The fees are generally based on fixed hourly rates for flight time multiplied by hours flown. Under these CPAs, the Company is also responsible for landing fees and other costs, which are either passed through by the operator to the Company without any markup or directly incurred by the Company.
As of March 31, 2026 the Company has remaining unfulfilled obligations under agreements with various aircraft operators to provide aircraft service. The remaining unfulfilled obligation includes amounts within operating lease liability related to aircraft leases embedded within its capacity purchase agreements as included in the operating right-of-use asset and lease liability.
These future unfulfilled obligations were as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ending December 31, | | Total Unfulfilled Obligation |
Remainder of 2026 | | 4,776 | |
| 2027 | | 3,569 | |
The Company is subject to claims and assessments from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Accruals for litigation and contingencies are reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements based on management’s assessment, including the advice of legal counsel, of the expected outcome of litigation or other dispute resolution proceedings and/or the expected resolution of contingencies. Liabilities for estimated losses are accrued if the potential losses from any claims or legal proceedings are considered probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability of loss and the determination as to whether the amount can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are based only on information available at the time of the assessment due to the uncertain nature of such matters. As additional information becomes available, management reassesses potential liabilities related to pending claims and litigation and may revise its previous estimates, which could materially affect the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations in a given period. As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the Company was not involved in any material legal proceedings except as noted below:
Archer Litigation
On November 18, 2025, we filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Santa Cruz against Archer Aviation, Inc. (“Archer”) and George Kivork alleging, among other things, breach of contract, misappropriation of trade secrets, and interference with contract and prospective economic advantage related to the improper acquisition, retention, and use of our confidential and proprietary business information and trade secrets. The complaint requests damages, disgorgement and restitution, injunctive relief, and attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses. This lawsuit was removed to the United States District Court, Northern District of California, where it remains pending. On January 23, 2026, Archer and Mr. Kivork filed motions to dismiss the complaint, and we filed our opposition to the motion to dismiss on February 13, 2026. On March 9, 2026, Archer filed counterclaims against us alleging false advertising and unfair competition. We filed a motion to dismiss Archer’s counterclaims on April 6, 2026, and Archer filed an opposition on April 20, 2026. We intend to aggressively pursue our claims against Archer and vigorously defend against Archer’s counterclaims.
On March 10, 2026, Archer filed a Section 337 complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) seeking an Exclusion Order to block Joby from importing electric aircraft, power systems, and related components into the United States that allegedly infringe 5 Archer patents. We intend to aggressively defend against Archer’s claims.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnifications. The Company’s exposure under these agreements
is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but that have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.
The Company has indemnified its Board of Directors and officers, to the extent legally permissible, against all liabilities reasonably incurred in connection with any action in which such individual may be involved by reason of such individual being or having been a director or officer, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual. The Company currently has directors’ and officers’ insurance. The Company did not record any liabilities in connection with these possible obligations as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Note 9. Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock Offering
On January 28, 2026, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement to issue and sell 52,863,437 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $11.35 per share. The issuance of the 52,863,437 shares was completed on February 2, 2026, and the Company received net proceeds of $576.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. The underwriters were granted a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 7,929,515 shares of common stock, which expired unexercised.
On January 28, 2026, the Company also entered into a separate underwriting agreement relating to the offer and sale of 5,286,343 shares of the Company’s common stock borrowed from third parties in connection with the 2032 Notes to facilitate hedging transactions by some of the investors in the 2032 Notes (the “Delta Offering”). The Delta Offering was completed on February 2, 2026.
Capped Call Transactions
In connection with the issuance of the 2032 Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Calls”) with certain financial institutions for an aggregate cost of $63.3 million. The Capped Calls initially cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 48.6 million shares of common stock underlying the 2032 Notes. The Capped Calls are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon conversion of the 2032 Notes or offset cash payments the Company may be required to make more than the principal amount of the 2032 Notes. The Capped Calls have an initial strike price of $14.19 per share and a cap price of $22.70 per share, each subject to adjustment. The Capped Calls may be settled in cash, shares, or a combination of cash and shares, at the Company’s option. The Capped Calls meet the criteria for classification in equity, are not remeasured each reporting period, and are recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital within stockholders’ equity.
Note 10. Revenue
Disaggregated Revenue
Disaggregated revenue was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2026 | | 2025 |
| Passenger | $ | 21,754 | | | $ | — | |
| Other | 2,492 | | | — | |
| Total Revenue | $ | 24,246 | | | $ | — | |
Passenger revenue primarily includes revenue generated from the transportation of passengers via helicopter or fixed wing aircraft, booked through the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Blade Urban Air Mobility, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Blade”), which operates as an air charter broker. Flights are typically booked through Blade associates, the Blade app, or third-party channels and paid for principally via credit card transactions, wire transfers, checks, customer credits, and gift cards. Flight payments are typically collected at the time of booking before the performance of the related service, and revenue is recognized when the service is completed.
Other revenue primarily includes revenue from government flight services, engineering services and rental income from third-party leasing arrangements. Government flight services revenue primarily includes consideration for the Company’s performance of customer-directed flights and on-base operations for various U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) agencies. The other revenue is recognized (i) over time, as the performance obligations are satisfied, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services, typically measured based on flight
hours, service hours, milestones, or other relevant metrics; or (ii) at a point in time, upon termination of a contract, if applicable, when the Company has fulfilled its obligations and no further performance is required.
Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities are defined as entity’s obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the entity has received consideration (or the amount is due) from the customer. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company’s contract liability balance is $6.9 million and $7.0 million respectively, classified within accrued and other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. These balances consist of payments from Blade customers and payments for government flight services received in advance of the actual flight, prepaid monthly and annual flight passes, customer credits for flight reservations that were cancelled for good reason by the customer, and prepaid gift card obligations. Customers have one year to use the credit as payment for a future flight with the Company. Revenue recognized out of the beginning balance of contract liability was $3.2 million and $0.0 million for the three months period ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, respectively.
Note 11. Stock-based Compensation
Equity Compensation Plans
In November 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2016 Stock Option and Grant Plan (“2016 Plan”) under which officers, employees, directors, consultants and other key persons of the Company or its affiliates may be granted incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units. On August 10, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors amended the 2016 Plan to provide that no new awards could be granted under the 2016 Plan.
Under the 2016 Plan, stock options were generally granted with an exercise price equal to the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock, as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors on the date of grant. Options generally have contractual terms of ten years.
Outstanding options generally vest over six years, contain a one year cliff, are exercisable immediately and, upon early exercise, are subject to repurchase by the Company at the original exercise price. If an incentive stock option (“ISO”) is granted to an optionee who, at the time of grant, owns more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of capital stock, the term of the ISO is five years. Options issued under the 2016 Plan must be priced at no less than the fair value of the shares on the date of the grant provided, however, that the exercise price of an option granted to a 10% stockholder is not less than 110% of the fair value of the shares on the date of grant. The Board of Directors determines the exercisability provisions of a stock option agreement at its sole discretion.
The fair value of the RSU’s granted under the 2016 Plan was determined by the Company’s Board of Directors on the date of grant. Generally, RSUs granted under the 2016 Plan have a six-year vesting period.
On August 10, 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”). Under the 2021 Plan, the Company can grant incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance awards to employees, directors and consultants. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan will be increased on the first day of each fiscal year, beginning on January 1, 2022, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) a number of shares equal to four percent (4%) of the total number of shares of all classes of common stock of the Company outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, or (ii) such number of shares determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. The fair value of the RSU’s granted under the 2021 Plan was determined on the date of grant. Generally, RSUs granted under the 2021 Plan have a four year vesting period. On January 1, 2026, the number of shares available for issuance under 2021 plan increased by 36,603,068 shares.
Restricted Stock Units
A summary of RSU activity for the three months ended March 31, 2026 is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of Shares | | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) |
Balances—December 31, 2025 | | 43,604,550 | | $ | 8.14 | | | $ | 575,580 | |
| Granted | | 10,259,572 | | $ | 9.55 | | | |
| Vested | | (5,003,139) | | $ | 7.26 | | | |
| Forfeited | | (1,319,506) | | $ | 12.82 | | | |
Balances—March 31, 2026 | | 47,541,477 | | $ | 8.41 | | | $ | 392,693 | |
The total fair value of RSUs vested for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $36.3 million and $24.5 million, respectively.
On February 27, 2023, the Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (“Compensation Committee”) approved a performance-based bonus program under which RSUs were awarded in connection with the achievement of specified goals in 2023 (“2023 Bonus Plan”). The RSU awards were granted when the achievement of each goal was approved by the Compensation Committee in 2023 and vested in equal installments from January through April 2024, subject to continued service. The target bonus was 30% of the employee’s base salary with stretch bonus goals that are one-third higher unless otherwise established by the Compensation Committee. In accordance with ASC 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation, awards under the 2023 Bonus Plan were initially treated as a liability and reclassified to equity upon milestone achievement; if a milestone was not met, the liability was reversed.
On February 12, 2024, the Compensation Committee approved a performance-based program under which RSUs were awarded. Each RSU represented the right to receive, upon vesting, up to 1.25 shares of the Company’s common stock, based on the achievement of certain specified objectives tied to five goals during 2024 (“2024 Bonus Plan”). Each goal included criteria for achievement of a minimum, target or maximum achievement level, expressed as a percentage, and vesting percentage was determined by summing the actual achievement percentages as of December 31, 2024. Under the 2024 Bonus Plan, the maximum possible vesting percentage was 125%. Achievement at exactly the minimum or target levels would result in 45% or 100% vesting, respectively. The RSUs awarded under the 2024 Bonus Plan vested in equal installments on each of January 14, 2025, February 10, 2025, March 4, 2025 and April 7, 2025. In accordance with ASC 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation, the Company determined that the 2024 Bonus Plan awards were equity awards with a performance condition, and classified them as equity.
On February 4, 2025, the Compensation Committee approved a performance-based program under which RSUs were awarded. Each RSU represented the right to receive, upon vesting, up to 1.25 shares of the Company’s common stock, based on the achievement of certain specified elements tied to five goals during the first half of calendar year 2025 (“H1 2025 Bonus Plan”). Each goal included criteria for achievement of a minimum, target or maximum achievement level, expressed as a percentage, and the amount of the awards that vested was calculated by summing the actual achievement percentages as of June 30, 2025. The maximum possible amount that could vest was 125%. If exactly the minimum or target levels are achieved, 50% and 100% of the awards, respectively, would vest. The RSUs awarded under the H1 2025 Bonus Plan vested in equal installments on each of January 12, 2026, February 9, 2026 and March 9, 2026, subject in each case to the participant’s continued status as a service provider through the respective vesting dates. In accordance with ASC 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation, the Company determined that the H1 2025 Bonus Plan awards were equity awards with a performance condition, and classified them as an equity.
On July 28, 2025, the Compensation Committee approved a performance-based program under which RSUs were awarded. Each RSU represented the right to receive, upon vesting, up to 2 shares of the Company’s common stock, based on the achievement of certain specified elements tied to six goals during the period from July 1, 2025 to February 18, 2026 (“H2 2025 Bonus Plan”). Each goal included criteria for achievement of a target or maximum achievement level, expressed as a percentage, and the amount of the awards that could vest was calculated by summing the actual achievement percentages as of February 18, 2026. The maximum possible amount that could vest was 200%. If exactly the target levels are achieved, 100% of the awards would vest. For five of the six goals, the achievement percentage was equal to the target achievement percentage of 100% if the goal was achieved on the target date of December 31, 2025 (“Target Date”). If the goal was achieved earlier or later than the Target Date, the achievement percentage was increased or decreased on a pro rata basis
for each day, up to 200% if the goal was achieved on or before November 11, 2025, or 0% if the goal was achieved on or after February 19, 2026, respectively. For the sixth goal, achievement was determined by the number of elements achieved on or before December 31, 2025. The RSUs awarded under the H2 2025 Bonus Plan vest in equal installments on each of March 9, 2026 and April 7, 2026, subject in each case to the participant’s continued status as a service provider through the respective vesting date. In accordance with ASC 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation, the Company determined that the H2 2025 Bonus Plan awards were equity awards with a performance condition, and classified them as equity.
On March 6, 2026, the Compensation Committee approved a performance-based stock compensation program (the “2026 PSU Program”) under which RSUs were granted to eligible employees. The RSUs vest based on (i) the Company’s cumulative achievement of organizational performance objectives during the 2026 calendar year (the “Performance Period”) and (ii) continued service through the vesting date of March 22, 2027. The number of shares ultimately issued is determined based on an earned percentage ranging from 0% to 200%, as determined by the Compensation Committee following the Performance Period. In accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, the Company has classified the awards as equity awards with a performance condition, and classified them as equity.
On June 21, 2023, the Compensation Committee approved long-term incentive performance-based RSU awards (“LTI Awards”) to certain employees of the Company. The LTI Awards vest in a single installment on June 21, 2026, provided that (i) certain performance conditions are met on or prior to that date and (ii) the employee continues to be a service provider through the vesting date. The Company considers the probability of achieving each of the performance goals at the end of each reporting period and recognizes expense over the requisite service period when achievement of the goal is determined to be probable, and adjusts the expense if the probability of achieving the goal later changes.
On June 2, 2025, the Compensation Committee approved long-term incentive performance-based RSU awards (“2025 LTI Awards”) to certain employees of the Company. The 2025 LTI Awards vest provided that (i) certain performance conditions are met on or prior to the dates stated in the 2025 LTI Awards agreements and (ii) the employee continues to be a service provider through the achievement of such performance conditions. The Company considers the probability of achieving each of the performance goals at the end of each reporting period and recognizes expense over the requisite service period when achievement of the goal is determined to be probable, and adjusts the expense if the probability of achieving the goal later changes.
On March 18, 2026, the Compensation Committee approved long-term incentive performance-based RSU awards (“2026 LTI Awards”) to certain employees of the Company. The 2026 LTI Awards vest provided that (i) certain performance conditions are met on or prior to the dates stated in the 2026 LTI Awards agreements and (ii) the employee continues to be a service provider through the achievement of such performance conditions. The Company considers the probability of achieving each of the performance goals at the end of each reporting period and recognizes expense over the requisite service period when achievement of the goal is determined to be probable, and adjusts the expense if the probability of achieving the goal later changes.
On February 12, 2024, the Compensation Committee approved a long-term performance-based RSU awards (“LPA Awards”) to certain employees of the Company. The LPA Awards have the same performance conditions as the awards granted under the 2024 Bonus Plan and will vest in three equal annual installments on the anniversary of the grant date, provided that performance conditions are satisfied and the employee continues to be a service provider through the respective vesting dates. In accordance with ASC 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation, Management has determined that these LPA Awards are equity awards with performance and service conditions, and classified them as an equity.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On August 10, 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2021 ESPP”). Under the 2021 ESPP, participating employees may be offered the option to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock at a purchase price which equals 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the enrollment date or on the exercise date, whichever is lower. Under the terms of 2021 ESPP, if the closing price of the Company’s shares on the exercise date falls below the closing price of the Company’s shares on the enrollment date for an ongoing offering, the ongoing offering will terminate immediately following the purchase of ESPP shares on the exercise date, and participants in the terminated offering will automatically be enrolled in the new offering (“ESPP Reset”), potentially resulting in an additional modification to stock-based compensation expense to be recognized over the new offering period.
Due to the changes in the Company’s stock price, an ESPP Reset occurred on May 15, 2024, resulting in incremental stock-based compensation expense to be recognized over the offering period ended on May 15, 2025.
The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2021 ESPP will be increased on the first day of each fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2022, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) a number of shares of common stock equal to half percent (0.5%) of the total number of shares of all classes of common stock of the Company on the last day of
the immediately preceding fiscal year, or (ii) such number of shares determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. On January 1, 2026, the number of shares available for issuance under 2021 ESPP increased by 4,575,383 shares.
Stock-based Compensation Expense
The following sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense for the Company’s stock awards included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | 2026 | | 2025 |
| Research and development expenses | | $ | 30,972 | | | $ | 22,134 | |
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | | 13,073 | | | 4,885 | |
| Total stock-based compensation expense | | $ | 44,045 | | | $ | 27,019 | |
Shares Subject to Repurchase
The Company allows certain option holders to exercise unvested options to purchase shares of common stock. Common shares received from such early exercises are subject to a right of repurchase at the original issuance price. The Company’s repurchase right with respect to these shares lapses as the shares vest. These awards are typically subject to a vesting period of six years. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 621,005 and 708,731 shares, respectively, were subject to repurchase at a weighted average price of $0.04 per share and $0.04 per share, respectively, and $0.0 million and $0.0 million, respectively, was recorded within the other non-current liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
In addition, upon completion of the Reverse Recapitalization 2,677,200 shares of Legacy Joby preferred stock which were subject to time-based vesting conditions were converted to shares of restricted common stock. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the number of such shares that were subject to repurchase was 555,968 and 668,384, respectively.
Note 12. Related Party Transactions
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and founder has ownership interests in certain vendors that provide services to the Company. Services purchased from these vendors include rent of office space and certain utilities and maintenance services related to the property on which the rented premises are located, and an aircraft charter. Expenses and related payments to these vendors totaled $0.2 million and $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Company owed these vendors $0.0 million and $0.0 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
Toyota Motor Corporation (“Toyota”) is a beneficial owner of more than 10% of the voting interests of the Company and has the right to designate a director for election to the Company’s Board of Directors. Toyota is developing prototypes and supplying parts and materials for some of the Company’s manufactured subassembly components. The Company made payments to Toyota for these parts and materials totaling $0.6 million and $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Additionally, the Company identified an embedded finance lease within the Company’s purchase and sale agreement with Toyota for subassembly components in the amount of $7.2 million and $7.2 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The Company owed Toyota $0.2 million and $0.1 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
In October 2024, the Company and Toyota signed a stock purchase agreement pursuant to which Toyota committed to invest up to an additional $500 million, subject to the satisfaction of certain closing conditions. In May 2025, the Company completed initial closing under this stock purchase agreement and issued 49,701,790 shares at the per share purchase price of $5.03, for an aggregate purchase price of $250,000,000 (“Initial Closing”). The Company recorded a noncash loss of $40.3 million in relation to the Initial Closing to account for the difference between the amount of aggregated purchase price and the fair value of shares issued as of the date of issuance. The fair value of the stock as of the date of issuance was determined based on the market price of the Company’s shares adjusted for a lack of marketability discount, as issued shares were not registered with the SEC.
Note 13. Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Because the Company reported a net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the number of shares used to calculate diluted net loss per common share is the same as the number of shares used to calculate basic net loss per common share for those periods presented because the potentially dilutive shares would have been antidilutive if included in the calculation.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share data):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended
March 31, |
| 2026 | | 2025 |
| Numerator: | | | |
| Net loss attributable to common stockholders | $ | (109,950) | | | $ | (82,406) | |
| Denominator: | | | |
| Weighted-average shares outstanding | 943,503,442 | | | 766,908,858 | |
| Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted | $ | (0.12) | | | $ | (0.11) | |
The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended
March 31, |
| 2026 | | 2025 |
| Common stock warrants | 14,237,783 | | | 28,783,069 | |
| Unvested restricted stock awards | 555,968 | | | 1,001,965 | |
Unvested restricted stock units | 47,541,477 | | | 35,457,317 | |
| Options to purchase common stock | 5,740,753 | | | 9,030,139 | |
| Unvested early exercised common stock options | 621,005 | | | 995,539 | |
If-converted common stock from 2032 Notes (1) | 48,634,374 | | | — | |
| Total | 117,331,360 | | | 75,268,029 | |
(1) On February 2, 2026, the Company issued $690.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2032 Notes (Note 6). The Company applies the if-converted method in computing the effect of the 2032 Notes on diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders. The 2032 Notes were not included for purposes of calculating the number of diluted shares outstanding as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. In connection with the issuance of the 2032 Notes, the Company entered into the Capped Call Transactions (Note 9), which were not included for purposes of calculating the number of diluted shares outstanding as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
Note 14. Segment Reporting
The Company has one operating and reportable segment, air transportation and related services (“Services”). The Services segment includes research and development and related activities to research, develop, test, and manufacture the Company’s eVTOL aircraft and supporting systems, which are managed and evaluated on a consolidated basis. The Services revenue primarily includes consideration received for (i) facilitation of passenger transportation via helicopter or fixed wing aircraft primarily in the Northeast United States and Southern Europe, (ii) performance of customer-directed flights and on-base operations for various DOD agencies, and (iii) other services related to the Company’s core operations. The accounting policies of the services segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.
As the Company has a single reportable segment and is managed on a consolidated basis, the measure of segment profit or loss is consolidated net loss as reported in the consolidated statement of operations. The measure of segment assets is the
total assets as reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company does not have intra-entity sales or transfers.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Services Segment |
| Three Months Ended
March 31, 2026 | | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 |
| Revenue | $ | 24,246 | | | $ | — | |
| Operating expenses: | | | |
| People related costs, excluding stock-based compensation expense | (113,810) | | | (87,704) | |
| Gain from change in fair value of warrants, earnout shares, and contingent consideration | 106,014 | | | 71,019 | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | (44,045) | | | (27,019) | |
Other segment items (1) | (82,355) | | | (38,702) | |
| Net loss | $ | (109,950) | | | $ | (82,406) | |
(1) Other segment items comprise primarily of depreciation and amortization, materials used in research & development activities, government grants (presented as a reduction of research and development expenses), professional services, other overhead expenses, and interest and other income, net.
Geographic Information
Revenue by geography is based on the location where the underlying services are provided. Long-lived assets, net includes property and equipment, net and operating right-of-use assets.
Summary financial data attributable to various geographic regions for the periods indicated is as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
March 31, |
| | 2026 | | 2025 |
| Revenue | | | | |
| United States | | $ | 14,550 | | | $ | — | |
| Europe | | 7,653 | | | — | |
| Other | | 2,043 | | | — | |
| | $ | 24,246 | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2026 | | December 31, 2025 |
| Long-lived assets | | | | |
| United States | | $ | 223,229 | | | $ | 160,299 | |
| Other | | 19,684 | | | 18,109 | |
| | $ | 242,913 | | | $ | 178,408 | |
Note 15. Subsequent Events
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred up to the date financial statements were issued. The Company did not identify any subsequent events or transactions that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.