Summary of Fourth Quarter 2025 Financial Results
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| | Three months ended December 31, | | Increase/(Decrease) | | Constant Currency Increase |
| (in millions) | | 2025 | | 2024 | | $ change | | % change | | $ change | | % change |
| Net sales | | $ | 477.2 | | | $ | 445.2 | | | $ | 32.0 | | | 7.2 | % | | $ | 31.2 | | | 7.0 | % |
| Net loss attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp | | $ | (34.9) | | | $ | (1.1) | | | $ | (33.8) | | | * | | | | |
| Adjusted EBITDA | | $ | 9.8 | | | $ | 12.4 | | | $ | (2.6) | | | (21.0) | % | | | | |
_______________________________________________________________________________
*Percentage change not meaningful
Consolidated net sales for the quarter increased 7.2%, or 7.0% on a constant currency basis, primarily due to higher sales volumes in Titleist golf equipment, driven by golf clubs, and higher average selling prices across all reportable segments, partially offset by lower sales volumes in Golf gear.
On a geographic basis, net sales in the United States were higher primarily as a result of increases of $16.3 million in Titleist golf equipment and $5.5 million in FootJoy golf wear. The increase in Titleist golf equipment was primarily related to higher sales volumes of our latest generation T-Series irons and second model year wedges, partially offset by lower sales volumes of second model year GT drivers. The increase in FootJoy golf wear was largely related to higher average selling prices, primarily footwear.
Net sales in regions outside the United States were up 5.1%, or 4.7% on a constant currency basis due to net sales increases in Japan, Rest of World and EMEA, partially offset by a decrease in net sales in Korea. In Japan, net sales increased primarily due to higher net sales of Titleist golf equipment and products that are not allocated to one of our three reportable segments. In Rest of World, net sales increased mainly due to higher net sales of Titleist golf equipment, driven by golf clubs. In EMEA, the increase was primarily due to higher net sales of Titleist golf equipment, driven by golf clubs, partially offset by products that are not allocated to one of our three reportable segments. In Korea, the decrease was largely related to lower net sales in FootJoy golf wear.
Segment specifics:
•10.2% increase in net sales (9.9% on a constant currency basis) of Titleist golf equipment, largely due to higher sales volumes of T-Series irons launched in the third quarter of 2025 and second model year SM10 wedges, partially offset by lower sales volumes of second model year GT drivers.
•4.7% increase in net sales (4.5% on a constant currency basis) in FootJoy golf wear primarily due to higher average selling prices in footwear.
•4.7% decrease in net sales (5.3% on a constant currency basis) of Golf gear primarily due to lower sales volumes across all product categories, partially offset by higher average selling prices across all product categories.
Net loss attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp. for the quarter was $34.9 million, compared to $1.1 million for the same period in 2024. This decrease was primarily driven by a $17.0 million loss on debt extinguishment related to our 2025 debt refinancing, as well as an increase in loss from operations, offset in part by an increase in income tax benefit.
Adjusted EBITDA was $9.8 million, compared to $12.4 million in the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 2.1% for the fourth quarter versus 2.8% for the prior year period.
Cash Dividend and Share Repurchases
Acushnet's board of directors today declared an increase of its quarterly cash dividend of 8.5% to $0.255 per share of its common stock. The first quarter 2026 dividend will be payable on March 20, 2026 to shareholders of record as of March 6, 2026. The number of shares outstanding as of February 20, 2026 was 58,560,358.
During the quarter, the Company repurchased 290,931 shares of its common stock on the open market at an average price of $82.52 for an aggregate of $24.0 million. For the full year 2025, the Company repurchased 3,133,650 shares of its common stock at an average price of $67.50 for an aggregate of $211.5 million. Included in this amount, were 1,889,313 shares of common stock repurchased from Magnus Holdings Co., Ltd. (“Magnus”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Misto Holdings Corp., for an aggregate of $125.0 million in satisfaction of the Company's previously disclosed obligations under share repurchase agreements with Magnus.
2026 Outlook
The Company expects full year consolidated net sales to be approximately $2,625 to $2,675 million on a reported basis, up 3.6% at the midpoint. On a constant currency basis, consolidated net sales are expected to be up between 2.5% and 4.5%. We expect full year adjusted EBITDA to be approximately $415 to $435 million.
The Company plans to share additional details of the 2026 Outlook during its investor conference call.
Investor Conference Call
Acushnet will hold a conference call at 8:30 am (Eastern Time) on February 26, 2026 to discuss the financial results and host a question and answer session. A live webcast of the conference call will be accessible at www.AcushnetHoldingsCorp.com/ir. A replay archive of the webcast will be available shortly after the call concludes.
About Acushnet Holdings Corp.
We are the global leader in the design, development, manufacture and distribution of performance-driven golf products, which are widely recognized for their quality excellence. Driven by our focus on dedicated and discerning golfers and the golf shops that serve them, we believe we are the most authentic and enduring company in the golf industry. Our mission - to be the performance and quality leader in every golf product category in which we compete - has remained consistent since we entered the golf ball business in 1932. Today, we are the steward of two of the most revered brands in golf – Titleist, one of golf’s leading performance equipment brands, and FootJoy, one of golf’s leading performance wearable brands. Additional information can be found at www.acushnetholdingscorp.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release includes forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, our 2026 outlook, our operations and our financial performance. These forward-looking statements are included throughout this press release and relate to matters such as our industry, business strategy, goals and expectations concerning our market position, future operations, margins, profitability, capital expenditures, liquidity and capital resources and other financial and operating information such as our anticipated consolidated net sales, consolidated net sales on a constant currency basis and Adjusted EBITDA. We use words like “guidance,” “outlook,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “future,” “will,” “seek,” “foreseeable” and similar terms and phrases to identify forward-looking statements in this press release.
The forward-looking statements contained in this press release are based on management’s current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. We cannot assure you that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. Actual results may differ materially from these expectations due to changes in global, regional or local economic, business, competitive, market, regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. Important factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include: a reduction in the number of rounds of golf played or in the number of golf participants; unfavorable weather conditions may impact the number of playable days and rounds played in a given year; consumer spending habits and macroeconomic and demographic factors may affect the number of rounds of golf played, the number of golf participants and related spending on our products; U.S. and foreign trade policies, including the assessment of tariffs and other impositions on imported goods; changes to the Rules of Golf with respect to equipment; our ability to successfully manage the frequent introduction of new products or satisfy changing consumer preferences and quality and regulatory standards; our reliance on technical innovation and high-quality products; a significant disruption in the operations of our manufacturing, assembly or distribution facilities; our ability to procure and the cost of raw materials and product components; a disruption in the operations of our suppliers; currency transaction and translation risk; our ability to adequately enforce and protect our intellectual property rights; our involvement in lawsuits to protect, defend or enforce our intellectual property rights; the risk that our products may infringe the intellectual property rights of others; changes to patent laws; intense competition and our ability to maintain a competitive advantage in each of our markets; limited opportunities for future growth in sales of certain of our products; our customers’ financial conditions, levels of business activity and ability to pay their trade obligations; a decrease in corporate spending on our custom logo golf balls; our ability to maintain and further develop
our sales channels; consolidation of retailers or concentration of retail market share; our ability to maintain and enhance our brands; fluctuations of our business and results of operations due to seasonality and product launch cycles; risks associated with doing business globally; compliance with applicable anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and economic sanctions laws; our ability to secure professional golfers to endorse or use our products; negative publicity relating to us, the golfers who use our products or the golf industry in general; our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products; a disruption in the service, or a significant increase in the cost, of our primary delivery and shipping services or a significant disruption at shipping ports; our ability to successfully manage the implementation of our new enterprise resource planning platform; our ability to maintain our information systems to adequately perform their functions; cybersecurity risks; risks associated with artificial intelligence; our ability to comply with data privacy and security laws; the ability of our eCommerce systems to function effectively; impairment of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets; our ability to attract and/or retain management and other key employees and hire qualified management, technical and manufacturing personnel; our ability to prohibit sales of our products by unauthorized retailers or distributors; our ability to grow our presence in existing international markets and expand into additional international markets; tax uncertainties, including potential changes in tax laws, unanticipated tax liabilities and limitations on utilization of tax attributes after any change of control; our ability to secure and maintain adequate levels of coverage under our insurance policies; product liability, warranty and recall claims; litigation and other regulatory proceedings; compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations; our ability to secure additional capital at all or on terms acceptable to us; lack of assurance of positive returns on capital investments; risks associated with acquisitions and investments; terrorist activities and international political instability; occurrence of natural disasters or pandemic diseases; a high degree of leverage, ability to service our indebtedness, ability to incur more indebtedness and restrictions in the agreements governing our indebtedness; our use of derivative financial instruments; the risk that the interests of our controlling shareholder or its affiliates may conflict with the interests of other holders of our common stock; our status as a controlled company; the execution of our share repurchase program and effects thereof; our ability to pay dividends; potential dilution from future issuances or sales of our common stock; anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents and Delaware law; the accuracy of our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting estimates; our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting; and the other factors set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2025, as it may be updated by our periodic reports subsequently filed with the SEC, including, when available, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements.
Any forward-looking statement made by us in this press release speaks only as of the date of this press release. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations described in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, investments or other strategic transactions we may pursue. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by any applicable securities laws.
Media Contact:
AcushnetPR@icrinc.com
Investor Contact:
IR@AcushnetGolf.com
ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
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| | | Three months ended December 31, | | Year ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| Net sales | | $ | 477,224 | | | $ | 445,169 | | | $ | 2,558,730 | | | $ | 2,457,091 | |
| Cost of goods sold | | 266,571 | | | 237,468 | | | 1,337,476 | | | 1,269,364 | |
| Gross profit | | 210,653 | | | 207,701 | | | 1,221,254 | | | 1,187,727 | |
| Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | |
| Selling, general and administrative | | 206,216 | | | 193,084 | | | 833,419 | | | 801,600 | |
| Research and development | | 20,109 | | | 16,325 | | | 76,506 | | | 67,841 | |
| Intangible amortization | | 2,242 | | | 3,501 | | | 11,901 | | | 14,024 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| (Loss) income from operations | | (17,914) | | | (5,209) | | | 299,428 | | | 304,262 | |
| Interest expense, net | | 14,759 | | | 12,270 | | | 58,288 | | | 52,637 | |
| Loss on debt extinguishment | | 16,970 | | | — | | | 16,970 | | | — | |
| Other expense (income), net | | 1,761 | | | 669 | | | (15,356) | | | 1,958 | |
| (Loss) income before income taxes | | (51,404) | | | (18,148) | | | 239,526 | | | 249,667 | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | | (16,429) | | | (9,992) | | | 52,366 | | | 47,825 | |
| Net (loss) income | | (34,975) | | | (8,156) | | | 187,160 | | | 201,842 | |
| Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | | 74 | | | 7,040 | | | 1,385 | | | 12,456 | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp. | | $ | (34,901) | | | $ | (1,116) | | | $ | 188,545 | | | $ | 214,298 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Net (loss) income per common share attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.: | | | | | | | | |
| Basic | | $ | (0.58) | | | $ | (0.02) | | | $ | 3.13 | | | $ | 3.38 | |
| Diluted | | (0.58) | | | (0.02) | | | 3.11 | | | 3.37 | |
| Weighted average number of common shares: | | | | | | | | |
| Basic | | 59,858,428 | | | 61,951,984 | | | 60,299,145 | | | 63,345,806 | |
| Diluted | | 59,858,428 | | | 61,951,984 | | | 60,568,052 | | | 63,648,238 | |
ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | | December 31, |
| (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| Assets | | | | |
| Current assets | | | | |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ($0 and $10,647 attributable to the FootJoy golf shoe joint venture ("FootJoy JV")) | | $ | 50,088 | | | $ | 53,059 | |
| Accounts receivable, net | | 217,480 | | | 218,368 | |
Inventories ($0 and $3,667 attributable to the FootJoy JV) | | 608,571 | | | 575,964 | |
| Prepaid and other assets | | 149,232 | | | 126,482 | |
| Total current assets | | 1,025,371 | | | 973,873 | |
Property, plant and equipment, net ($0 and $8,135 attributable to the FootJoy JV) | | 356,575 | | | 325,747 | |
Goodwill ($0 and $32,312 attributable to the FootJoy JV) | | 224,258 | | | 220,136 | |
| Intangible assets, net | | 511,430 | | | 523,131 | |
| Deferred income taxes | | 21,081 | | | 34,306 | |
Other assets ($0 and $1,884 attributable to the FootJoy JV) | | 203,984 | | | 103,013 | |
| Total assets | | $ | 2,342,699 | | | $ | 2,180,206 | |
| Liabilities, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Shareholders' Equity | | | | |
| Current liabilities | | | | |
| Short-term debt | | $ | 16,005 | | | $ | 10,160 | |
| Current portion of long-term debt | | 661 | | | 722 | |
Accounts payable ($0 and $2,400 attributable to the FootJoy JV) | | 156,984 | | | 150,322 | |
| Accrued taxes | | 34,219 | | | 36,009 | |
Accrued compensation and benefits ($0 and $643 attributable to the FootJoy JV) | | 100,975 | | | 95,064 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities ($0 and $13,893 attributable to the FootJoy JV) | | 121,310 | | | 180,430 | |
| Total current liabilities | | 430,154 | | | 472,707 | |
| Long-term debt | | 926,244 | | | 753,081 | |
| Deferred income taxes | | 7,604 | | | 8,107 | |
| Accrued pension and other postretirement benefits | | 68,756 | | | 74,410 | |
| Other noncurrent liabilities | | 124,605 | | | 74,737 | |
| Total liabilities | | 1,557,363 | | | 1,383,042 | |
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | | 1,770 | | | 4,028 | |
| Shareholders' equity | | | | |
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 58,371,822 and 61,214,541 shares issued | | 58 | | | 61 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | | 763,828 | | | 787,725 | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | | (122,281) | | | (140,315) | |
| Retained earnings | | 141,961 | | | 180,276 | |
Treasury stock, at cost; (including 935,907 of accrued share repurchases as of December 31, 2024) | | — | | | (62,500) | |
| Total equity attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp. | | 783,566 | | | 765,247 | |
| Noncontrolling interests | | — | | | 27,889 | |
| Total shareholders' equity | | 783,566 | | | 793,136 | |
| Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and shareholders' equity | | $ | 2,342,699 | | | $ | 2,180,206 | |
ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2025 | | 2024 |
| Cash flows from operating activities | | | |
| Net income | $ | 187,160 | | | $ | 201,842 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows provided by operating activities | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 55,292 | | | 55,888 | |
| Unrealized foreign exchange gain | (2,823) | | | (2,856) | |
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | 1,757 | | | 1,754 | |
| Share-based compensation | 28,580 | | | 30,792 | |
| Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment | 725 | | | 902 | |
| Gain on deconsolidation of FootJoy JV | (20,887) | | | — | |
| Loss from equity method investment | 1,113 | | | — | |
| Loss on debt extinguishment | 16,970 | | | — | |
| Deferred income taxes | 13,941 | | | 915 | |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities | (87,458) | | | (44,129) | |
| | | |
| Cash flows provided by operating activities | 194,370 | | | 245,108 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities | | | |
| Additions to property, plant and equipment | (74,342) | | | (74,624) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Cash flows used in investing activities | (74,342) | | | (74,624) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Proceeds from credit facilities | 1,780,933 | | | 1,243,120 | |
| Repayments of credit facilities | (1,752,274) | | | (1,178,799) | |
| Proceeds from senior unsecured notes | 500,000 | | | — | |
| Repayments of senior unsecured notes | (350,000) | | | — | |
| | | |
| Payment of redemption premium | (12,908) | | | — | |
| Payment of debt issuance costs | (9,592) | | | — | |
| Purchases of common stock | (211,524) | | | (172,799) | |
| Dividends paid on common stock | (56,156) | | | (54,291) | |
| | | |
| Payment of employee restricted stock tax withholdings | (11,560) | | | (16,914) | |
| Other, net | (1,742) | | | — | |
| Cash flows used in financing activities | (124,823) | | | (179,683) | |
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 1,824 | | | (3,177) | |
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (2,971) | | | (12,376) | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year | 53,059 | | | 65,435 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year | $ | 50,088 | | | $ | 53,059 | |
ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
Supplemental Net Sales Information (Unaudited)
Full Year Net Sales by Segment
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended | | | | Constant Currency |
| | December 31, | | Increase/(Decrease) | | Increase/(Decrease) |
| (in millions) | | 2025 | | 2024 | | $ change | | % change | | $ change | | % change |
| Golf balls | | $ | 821.0 | | | $ | 786.5 | | | $ | 34.5 | | | 4.4 | % | | $ | 34.8 | | | 4.4 | % |
| Golf clubs | | 775.2 | | | 721.3 | | | 53.9 | | | 7.5 | % | | 53.4 | | | 7.4 | % |
| Titleist golf equipment | | 1,596.2 | | | 1,507.8 | | | 88.4 | | | 5.9 | % | | 88.2 | | | 5.8 | % |
| FootJoy golf wear | | 569.9 | | | 574.6 | | | (4.7) | | | (0.8) | % | | (4.0) | | | (0.7) | % |
| Golf gear | | 244.9 | | | 232.1 | | | 12.8 | | | 5.5 | % | | 12.9 | | | 5.6 | % |
Full Year Net Sales by Region
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year ended | | | | Constant Currency |
| | December 31, | | Increase/(Decrease) | | Increase/(Decrease) |
| (in millions) | | 2025 | | 2024 | | $ change | | % change | | $ change | | % change |
| United States | | $ | 1,523.3 | | | $ | 1,446.8 | | | $ | 76.5 | | | 5.3 | % | | $ | 76.5 | | | 5.3 | % |
EMEA (1) | | 356.8 | | | 320.9 | | | 35.9 | | | 11.2 | % | | 24.9 | | | 7.8 | % |
| Japan | | 131.1 | | | 134.0 | | | (2.9) | | | (2.2) | % | | (4.1) | | | (3.1) | % |
| Korea | | 275.5 | | | 291.0 | | | (15.5) | | | (5.3) | % | | (3.3) | | | (1.1) | % |
| Rest of World | | 272.0 | | | 264.4 | | | 7.6 | | | 2.9 | % | | 10.2 | | | 3.9 | % |
| Total net sales | | $ | 2,558.7 | | | $ | 2,457.1 | | | $ | 101.6 | | | 4.1 | % | | $ | 104.2 | | | 4.2 | % |
Fourth Quarter Net Sales by Segment
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Three months ended | | | | | | Constant Currency |
| | | December 31, | | Increase/(Decrease) | | Increase/(Decrease) |
| (in millions) | | 2025 | | 2024 | | $ change | | % change | | $ change | | % change |
| Golf balls | | $ | 143.1 | | | $ | 140.5 | | | $ | 2.6 | | | 1.9 | % | | $ | 2.6 | | | 1.9 | % |
| Golf clubs | | 150.6 | | | 126.0 | | | 24.6 | | | 19.5 | % | | 23.9 | | | 19.0 | % |
| Titleist golf equipment | | 293.7 | | | 266.5 | | | 27.2 | | | 10.2 | % | | 26.5 | | | 9.9 | % |
| FootJoy golf wear | | 102.0 | | | 97.4 | | | 4.6 | | | 4.7 | % | | 4.4 | | | 4.5 | % |
| Golf gear | | 36.1 | | | 37.9 | | | (1.8) | | | (4.7) | % | | (2.0) | | | (5.3) | % |
Fourth Quarter Net Sales by Region
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | | | | Constant Currency |
| | December 31, | | Increase/(Decrease) | | Increase/(Decrease) |
| (in millions) | | 2025 | | 2024 | | $ change | | % change | | $ change | | % change |
| United States | | $ | 267.6 | | | $ | 245.8 | | | $ | 21.8 | | | 8.9 | % | | $ | 21.8 | | | 8.9 | % |
EMEA (1) | | 63.2 | | | 57.0 | | | 6.2 | | | 10.9 | % | | 2.9 | | | 5.1 | % |
| Japan | | 28.8 | | | 25.3 | | | 3.5 | | | 13.8 | % | | 4.0 | | | 15.8 | % |
| Korea | | 61.5 | | | 64.8 | | | (3.3) | | | (5.1) | % | | (0.7) | | | (1.1) | % |
| Rest of World | | 56.1 | | | 52.3 | | | 3.8 | | | 7.3 | % | | 3.2 | | | 6.1 | % |
| Total net sales | | $ | 477.2 | | | $ | 445.2 | | | $ | 32.0 | | | 7.2 | % | | $ | 31.2 | | | 7.0 | % |
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA")
ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures
(Unaudited)
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company reports its financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). However, this release includes the non-GAAP financial measures of net sales in constant currency, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin. These non-GAAP financial measures are not measures of financial performance in accordance with GAAP and may exclude items that are significant to understanding and assessing the Company’s financial results. Therefore, these measures should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net sales, net income or other measures of profitability or performance under GAAP. You should be aware that the Company’s presentation of these measures may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by other companies.
Since a significant percentage of our net sales are generated outside of the United States, we use net sales on a constant currency basis to evaluate the sales performance of our business in period over period comparisons and to forecast our business going forward. Constant currency information allows us to estimate what our sales performance would have been without changes in foreign currency exchange rates. This information is calculated by taking the current period local currency net sales and translating them into U.S. dollars based upon the foreign currency exchange rates for the applicable comparable prior period. This constant currency information should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any measure derived in accordance with GAAP. Our presentation of constant currency information may not be consistent with the manner in which similar measures are derived or used by other companies.
We define "Adjusted EBITDA" in a manner consistent with the term “Consolidated EBITDA” as it is defined in our credit agreement. Adjusted EBITDA represents net income (loss) attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp. plus interest expense, net, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization; and other items defined in our credit agreement, including: share-based compensation expense; restructuring and transformation costs; certain transaction fees; extraordinary, unusual or nonrecurring losses or charges; indemnification expense (income); certain pension settlement costs; certain other non-cash (gains) losses, net and the net income (loss) relating to noncontrolling interests.
We present Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our operating performance because it excludes the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of our ongoing operating performance. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies, assess our consolidated operating performance and make decisions regarding the pricing of our products, go-to-market execution and costs to incur across our business.
Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of financial performance under GAAP. It should not be considered an alternative to net income (loss) attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp. as a measure of our operating performance or any other measure of performance derived in accordance with GAAP. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or nonrecurring items, or affected by similar nonrecurring items. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider such measure either in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under GAAP. Our definition and calculation of Adjusted EBITDA is not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies due to different methods of calculation.
We also use Adjusted EBITDA margin on a consolidated basis, which measures our Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales, because our management uses it to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies, assess our consolidated operating performance and make decisions regarding pricing of our products, go-to-market execution and costs to incur across our business. We present Adjusted EBITDA margin as a supplemental measure of our operating performance because it excludes the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of our ongoing operating performance.
Adjusted EBITDA margin is not a measurement of financial performance under GAAP. It should not be considered an alternative to any measure of performance derived in accordance with GAAP. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA margin should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or nonrecurring items, or affected by similar nonrecurring items. Adjusted EBITDA margin has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider such measure either in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under GAAP. Our definition and calculation of Adjusted EBITDA margin is not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies due to different methods of calculation.
The following table presents reconciliations of net (loss) income attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp. to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | | Year ended |
| | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp. | | $ | (34,901) | | | $ | (1,116) | | | $ | 188,545 | | | $ | 214,298 | |
| Interest expense, net | | 14,759 | | | 12,270 | | | 58,288 | | | 52,637 | |
| Loss on debt extinguishment | | 16,970 | | | — | | | 16,970 | | | — | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | | (16,429) | | | (9,992) | | | 52,366 | | | 47,825 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | | 13,108 | | | 14,172 | | | 55,292 | | | 55,888 | |
| Share-based compensation | | 4,540 | | | 6,794 | | | 28,580 | | | 30,792 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Restructuring costs (1) | | 7,182 | | | 11,024 | | | 16,824 | | | 18,549 | |
Transformation costs (2)(3) | | 3,765 | | | 3,847 | | | 12,327 | | | 14,404 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Other (4) | | 873 | | | (17,609) | | | (17,401) | | | (17,489) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | | (74) | | | (7,040) | | | (1,385) | | | (12,456) | |
| Adjusted EBITDA | | $ | 9,793 | | | $ | 12,350 | | | $ | 410,406 | | | $ | 404,448 | |
| Adjusted EBITDA margin | | 2.1 | % | | 2.8 | % | | 16.0 | % | | 16.5 | % |
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(1) For the three months and year ended December 31, 2025, includes $5.1 million and $13.7 million, respectively, related to a voluntary bridge to retirement ("VBR") program initiated in the second quarter of 2025. For the three months and year ended December 31, 2024, includes $11.0 million and $18.0 million, respectively related to the optimization of our supply chain.
(2) For the three months and year ended December 31, 2025, includes includes $2.7 million and $10.5 million, respectively, related to the optimization of our information technology systems. For the three months and year ended December 31, 2024, includes $3.0 million and $11.0 million, respectively related to the optimization of our information technology systems.
(3) For the three months and year ended December 31, 2024, includes $0.9 million and $3.4 million, respectively related to the optimization of our distribution and custom fulfillment capabilities.
(4) For the year ended December 31, 2025, includes a non-cash gain of $20.9 million related to the FootJoy JV deconsolidation. For the three months and year ended December 31, 2025, includes $0.5 million and $2.4 million, respectively, related to the amortization of capitalized implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements. For the three months and year ended December 31, 2025, includes pension settlement costs of $0.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively, related to lump-sum distributions to participants in our defined benefit plans as a result of the VBR program. For the three months and year ended December 31, 2024, includes a non-cash benefit of $17.7 million associated with a change in the Company's paid time off policy. In addition, the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, include other gains, losses or costs added back for purposes of calculating Adjusted EBITDA as defined in our credit agreement.
A reconciliation of non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA, as forecasted for 2026, to the closest corresponding GAAP measure, net income (loss), is not available without unreasonable efforts on a forward-looking basis due to the high variability and low visibility of certain charges that may impact our GAAP results on a forward-looking basis, such as the measures and effects of share-based compensation, restructuring and transformation costs and other items that have not yet occurred and may impact our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA in future periods.