NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
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PSE&G |
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PSEG Power & Other (A) |
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Eliminations (B) |
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Consolidated Total |
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Millions |
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|
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
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|
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Operating Revenues |
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$ |
7,230 |
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|
$ |
2,761 |
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|
$ |
(738 |
) |
|
$ |
9,253 |
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|
|
Energy Costs |
|
|
2,867 |
|
|
|
1,016 |
|
|
|
(738 |
) |
|
|
3,145 |
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|
Controllable Operation and Maintenance (C) |
|
|
1,035 |
|
|
|
571 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,606 |
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|
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Depreciation and Amortization |
|
|
832 |
|
|
|
107 |
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|
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— |
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|
|
939 |
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|
Interest Income |
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|
12 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
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|
(3 |
) |
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28 |
|
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Interest Expense |
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
265 |
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|
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(3 |
) |
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|
742 |
|
|
|
Income Tax Expense |
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
132 |
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|
|
— |
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|
|
267 |
|
|
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Other Segment Items (D) |
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
786 |
|
|
|
Net Income |
|
$ |
1,393 |
|
|
$ |
403 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
1,796 |
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|
|
Gross Additions to Long-Lived Assets |
|
$ |
1,893 |
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|
$ |
281 |
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|
$ |
(31 |
) |
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$ |
2,143 |
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|
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
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Operating Revenues |
|
$ |
6,335 |
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|
$ |
2,140 |
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|
$ |
(650 |
) |
|
$ |
7,825 |
|
|
|
Energy Costs |
|
|
2,450 |
|
|
|
828 |
|
|
|
(650 |
) |
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|
2,628 |
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|
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Controllable Operation and Maintenance (C) |
|
|
950 |
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|
|
539 |
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|
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— |
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|
|
1,489 |
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|
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Depreciation and Amortization |
|
|
758 |
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|
|
116 |
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|
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— |
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|
|
874 |
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Income from Equity Method Investments |
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— |
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|
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2 |
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|
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— |
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|
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2 |
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Interest Income |
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11 |
|
|
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23 |
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(4 |
) |
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|
30 |
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Interest Expense |
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
224 |
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|
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(4 |
) |
|
|
650 |
|
|
|
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
(102 |
) |
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|
— |
|
|
|
139 |
|
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Other Segment Items (D) |
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|
348 |
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|
|
243 |
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|
|
— |
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|
|
591 |
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Net Income |
|
$ |
1,169 |
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|
$ |
317 |
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|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
1,486 |
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|
Gross Additions to Long-Lived Assets |
|
$ |
2,157 |
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|
$ |
245 |
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|
$ |
— |
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|
$ |
2,402 |
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|
As of September 30, 2025 |
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Total Assets |
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$ |
48,518 |
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|
$ |
8,773 |
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|
$ |
(378 |
) |
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$ |
56,913 |
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Investments in Equity Method Subsidiaries |
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$ |
— |
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|
$ |
26 |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
26 |
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|
As of December 31, 2024 |
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Total Assets |
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$ |
46,364 |
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|
$ |
8,673 |
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|
$ |
(397 |
) |
|
$ |
54,640 |
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Investments in Equity Method Subsidiaries |
|
$ |
— |
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|
$ |
21 |
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|
$ |
— |
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$ |
21 |
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(A)PSEG Power & Other results include net after-tax gains (losses) of $15 million and $17 million for the three months and $16 million and $(55) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to the impacts of non-trading commodity mark-to-market activity, which consists of the financial impact from positions with future delivery dates.
(B)Intercompany eliminations primarily relate to intercompany transactions between PSE&G and PSEG Power. For a further discussion of the intercompany transactions between PSE&G and PSEG Power, see Note 2. Revenues and Note 17. Related-Party Transactions.
(C)Controllable Operation and Maintenance expense includes amounts for labor and benefit costs, materials, outside services and other normal operational costs, including intersegment amounts, and is the significant expense information that is regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) for PSEG and PSE&G).
(D)Other Segment Items include all other items to reconcile to Net Income. This includes all other O&M (primarily related to clause related expenditures at PSE&G and expenditures for transactions in which Servco acts as principal and controls the services provided to LIPA at PSEG Power & Other, each of which offset corresponding revenue
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
amounts in those segments), non-operating pension and OPEB credits and costs, gains and losses on trust investments and other income and deductions.
Note 17. Related-Party Transactions
The following discussion relates to intercompany transactions, which are eliminated during the PSEG consolidation process in accordance with GAAP.
PSE&G
The financial statements for PSE&G include transactions with related parties presented as follows:
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Three Months Ended |
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Nine Months Ended |
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September 30, |
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September 30, |
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Related-Party Transactions |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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Millions |
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Net Billings from PSEG Power (A) |
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$ |
58 |
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|
$ |
78 |
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|
$ |
734 |
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|
$ |
645 |
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Administrative Billings from Services (B) |
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|
139 |
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|
122 |
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|
382 |
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|
375 |
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Total Billings from Affiliates |
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$ |
197 |
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|
$ |
200 |
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$ |
1,116 |
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|
$ |
1,020 |
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As of |
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As of |
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Related-Party Transactions |
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September 30, 2025 |
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December 31, 2024 |
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Millions |
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|
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Net Payable to PSEG Power (A) |
|
$ |
28 |
|
|
$ |
209 |
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Net Payable to Services (B) |
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|
98 |
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|
|
116 |
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|
Net Payable to PSEG (C) |
|
|
214 |
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|
|
37 |
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|
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Accounts Payable—Affiliated Companies |
|
$ |
340 |
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|
$ |
362 |
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|
Working Capital Advances to Services (D) |
|
$ |
33 |
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|
$ |
33 |
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|
Long-Term Accrued Taxes Payable (Receivable) (C) |
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$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
(2 |
) |
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(A)PSE&G has entered into a requirements contract with PSEG Power under which PSEG Power provides the gas supply services needed to meet PSE&G’s BGSS and other contractual requirements. In addition, PSEG Power sold ZECs to PSE&G from its nuclear units under the ZEC program as approved by the BPU. The rates in the BGSS contract and for the ZEC sales were prescribed by the BPU. BGSS sales were billed and settled on a monthly basis. ZEC sales were billed on a monthly basis and settled annually following completion of each energy year. The ZEC program ended effective June 1, 2025, with the final ZEC payment from PSE&G to PSEG Power settled in August 2025. In addition, PSEG Power and PSE&G provide certain technical services for each other generally at cost in compliance with FERC and BPU affiliate rules.
(B)Services provides and bills administrative services to PSE&G at cost. In addition, PSE&G has other payables to Services, including amounts related to certain common costs, which Services pays on behalf of PSE&G.
(C)PSEG pays net wages and payroll taxes and receives reimbursement from its affiliated companies for their respective portions. PSEG and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return and PSEG and PSE&G file state income tax returns, some of which are combined or unitary. Income taxes are allocated to PSEG’s subsidiaries in accordance with a tax allocation agreement whereby each PSEG subsidiary’s current and deferred tax expense is computed on a stand-alone basis. Each subsidiary is allocated an amount of tax similar to that which would be paid if it filed a separate income tax return, except for certain tax attributes and state apportionment results. If the result is a net tax liability, such amount shall be paid to PSEG. If there are NOLs and/or tax credits, the subsidiary shall receive payment for the tax savings from PSEG to the extent that PSEG is able to utilize those benefits. Long-Term Accrued Taxes Receivable and Payable are included in Other Noncurrent Assets and Liabilities, respectively, on PSE&G’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(D)PSE&G has advanced working capital to Services. The amount is included in Other Noncurrent Assets on PSE&G’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (MD&A)
This combined MD&A is separately filed by Public Service Enterprise Group Incorporated (PSEG) and Public Service Electric and Gas Company (PSE&G). Information contained herein relating to any individual company is filed by such company on its own behalf.
PSEG’s business consists of two reportable segments, PSE&G and PSEG Power LLC (PSEG Power) & Other, primarily comprised of our principal direct wholly owned subsidiaries, which are:
•PSE&G—which is a public utility engaged principally in the transmission of electricity and distribution of electricity and natural gas in certain areas of New Jersey. PSE&G is subject to regulation by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (BPU), the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), and other federal and New Jersey state regulators. PSE&G also invests in regulated solar generation projects and energy efficiency (EE) and related programs in New Jersey, which are regulated by the BPU, and
•PSEG Power—which is an energy supply company that is comprised of the operations of merchant nuclear generating assets and fuel supply functions engaged in competitive energy sales via its principal direct wholly owned subsidiaries. PSEG Power’s subsidiaries are subject to regulation by FERC, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and other federal regulators and state regulators in the states in which they operate.
The PSEG Power & Other reportable segment also includes amounts related to the parent company as well as PSEG’s other direct wholly owned subsidiaries, which are: PSEG Long Island LLC (PSEG LI), which operates the Long Island Power Authority’s (LIPA) transmission and distribution (T&D) system under an Operations Services Agreement (OSA); PSEG Energy Holdings L.L.C. (Energy Holdings), which primarily holds legacy lease investments and competitively bid, FERC regulated transmission; and PSEG Services Corporation (Services), which provides certain management, administrative and general services to PSEG and its subsidiaries at cost.
Our business discussion in Item 1. Business of our 2024 Annual Report on 10-K (Form 10-K) provides a review of the regions and markets where we operate and compete, as well as our strategy for conducting our businesses within these markets, focusing on operational excellence, financial strength and making disciplined investments. Our risk factor discussion in Item 1A. Risk Factors of Form 10-K provides information about factors that could have a material adverse impact on our businesses. The following supplements that discussion and the discussion included in the Executive Overview of 2024 and Future Outlook provided in Item 7 in our Form 10-K by describing significant events and business developments that have occurred during 2025 and changes to the key factors that we expect may drive our future performance. The following discussion refers to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Statements) and the Related Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Notes). This discussion should be read in conjunction with such Statements, Notes and the Form 10-K.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW OF 2025 AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
We are a public utility holding company that, acting through our wholly owned subsidiaries, is a predominantly regulated electric and gas utility and a nuclear generation business. Our business plan focuses on achieving growth by allocating capital primarily toward regulated investments in an effort to continue to improve the sustainability and predictability of our business and realizing the value of the consistent and reliable carbon free generation from our nuclear units. We are focused on investing to meet growing energy demand, modernize our energy infrastructure, improve reliability and resilience, increase EE and deliver clean energy to meet customer expectations and be well aligned with public policy objectives. With these investments and higher working capital recovery approved in the distribution rate case, our regulated rate base increased from approximately $30 billion as of December 31, 2023 to approximately $34 billion as of December 31, 2024. In addition, our nuclear facilities retain the downside price protection of a production tax credit (PTC) from 2024 through 2032.
For the years 2025-2029, our regulated capital investment program is estimated to be in a range of $21 billion to $24 billion. We expect these capital investments to result in a compound annual growth rate in our regulated rate base in a range of 6% to 7.5%. The regulated capital investments represent the majority of PSEG’s total capital investment program of $22.5 billion to $26 billion. The low end of the range includes an extension of our Gas System Modernization Program (GSMP) and Clean Energy Future (CEF)-EE program at their current average annual investment levels plus inflation, as these programs are expected to continue beyond their currently approved timeframes. The upper end of our capital investment range includes potential incremental investments to address continued demand growth and other investments to meet infrastructure needs and support New Jersey's clean energy goals.
PSE&G
At PSE&G, our focus is on investing capital in T&D infrastructure and clean energy programs to meet growing demand, enhance the reliability and resiliency of our T&D system, meet customer expectations and support public policy objectives.
In October 2024, the BPU approved our CEF-EE II filing authorizing approximately $2.9 billion for energy efficiency projects committed between January 1, 2025 through June 30, 2027, and completed over an expected six-year period. The Order approved a program investment budget of approximately $1.9 billion, net of administrative expenses, and approximately $1 billion to continue our customer on-bill repayment program. This EE filing is a significant increase from our prior filings, driven by an increase in the savings targets required under the BPU Energy Efficiency Framework and higher costs to achieve those targeted savings.
In 2023, the BPU approved a two-year extension of our current GSMP II program to replace at least 400 miles of cast iron and unprotected steel mains and services in our gas system. The GSMP II program extension provides for main replacement through December 2025 plus trailing services replacement and paving costs into 2026 and totals approximately $900 million of investment. Of the $900 million, $750 million is recovered through three periodic rate updates with the balance recovered through a future distribution base rate case. PSE&G has re-started discussions regarding the GSMP III program with the objective of beginning the new program in 2026.
In October 2024, the BPU issued an Order approving the settlement of PSE&G's distribution rate case with new rates effective October 15, 2024. The Order provided for a $17.8 billion rate base, a 9.6% return on equity for PSE&G’s distribution business and a 55% equity component of its capitalization structure. In addition, the Order approved mechanisms beginning January 1, 2025 associated with the recovery of future storm costs as well as the recovery of annual pension and OPEB expenses.
PSEG Power
At PSEG Power, we seek to produce low-cost electricity by efficiently operating our nuclear generation assets, mitigate earnings volatility through the PTC mechanism and hedging, and support public policies that preserve these existing carbon-free base load nuclear generating plants. During the first nine months of 2025, our nuclear units generated approximately 23.8 terawatt hours and operated at a capacity factor of 93.7%. Effective April 2025, PSEG Power revised the estimated useful lives for the Salem 1, Salem 2 and Hope Creek nuclear plants due to our expectation that a 20-year license extension will be approved for these facilities. In October 2025, we completed work to extend the refueling cycle at our Hope Creek facility from 18 months to 24 months.
Our hedging strategy continues to incorporate an estimated range of risk reduction impacts from the PTCs on our nuclear generation portfolio while retaining the ability to benefit when market pricing exceeds the phase out threshold. As of September 30, 2025, we expect that our hedged position for 2025 in conjunction with the PTC and market price variability will result in the realized value of our nuclear generation output being at, or above, the PTC phase out. Our strategy will continue to evolve given PTC guidance uncertainty, and potential incremental changes upon final U.S. Treasury guidance. In addition, we are exploring opportunities for the potential sale of power and/or emission credits from our nuclear facilities pursuant to long-term agreements.
Climate Strategy and Sustainability Efforts
For more than a century, our purpose has been to provide safe access to an around-the-clock supply of reliable, affordable energy. Today, our vision is to power a future where people use less energy, and it is cleaner, safer and delivered more reliably than ever. We have established a net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030 goal that includes direct GHG emissions
(Scope 1) and indirect GHG emissions from operations (Scope 2) across our business operations, assuming advances in technology, public policy and customer behavior, which goal supports New Jersey's clean energy and climate goals.
PSE&G has undertaken a number of initiatives that support the reduction of GHG emissions, including our implementation of New Jersey's EE and related programs that are intended to support New Jersey’s Energy Master Plan (EMP) and Gubernatorial Executive Orders through programs designed to help customers use energy more efficiently, reduce GHG emissions, support the expansion of the EV infrastructure in New Jersey, install energy storage capacity to supplement solar generation and enhance grid resiliency, install smart meters and supporting infrastructure to allow for the integration of other clean energy technologies and to more efficiently respond to weather and other outage events.
We continue to assess physical risks of climate change and adapt our capital investment program to improve the reliability and resiliency of our system in an environment of increasing frequency and severity of weather events. PSE&G is committed to the safe and reliable delivery of natural gas to approximately 1.9 million customers throughout New Jersey and we are equally committed to reducing GHG emissions associated with such operations. The GSMP is designed to improve safety and reliability and significantly reduce natural gas leaks in our distribution system, which would reduce the release of methane, a potent GHG, into the air. Through GSMP II, from 2018 through 2024 we reduced reported methane emissions by over 30% system wide.
We also continue to focus on providing cleaner energy for our customers by working to preserve the economic viability of our nuclear units, which provide over 85% of the carbon-free energy in New Jersey. These efforts include reducing market risk by advocating for state and federal policies, such as the PTC established by the IRA, and capacity market reform and related generator interconnection policies at PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. (PJM) that recognize the value of our nuclear fleet’s carbon-free generation and its contribution to grid reliability and resource adequacy, and potential long-term contracts that recognize the value of its consistent and reliable carbon-free energy.
Competitively Bid, FERC Regulated Transmission Projects
PSEG continues to evaluate additional investment opportunities in regulated transmission. In December 2023, PJM awarded us an approximately $424 million project to address increasing load and reliability issues in Maryland and northern Virginia as part of its 2022 Window 3 competitive solicitation. PJM has directed that the project be placed in service in 2027. However, based on the procedural timeline established by order of the Maryland Public Service Commission, we do not currently believe a 2027 in-service date for the project is reasonably achievable. We are continuing to take all available steps to obtain approvals for timely project execution. We cannot predict the outcome.
PSEG will continue to evaluate opportunities to participate in transmission solicitation processes and may decide to submit bids for these opportunities, some of which could be material investments.
PSEG LI
PSEG's current contract as operations service provider for LIPA's electric transmission and distribution system runs through December 31, 2025. In September 2025, the LIPA board of trustees approved a five-year extension of the contract, which was approved by the New York State Attorney General in October 2025. The contract extension will also need to be approved by the New York State Comptroller. A competitor in the RFP process has filed litigation against LIPA challenging the contract bidding process. The outcome of this litigation is uncertain.
Financial Results
The results for PSEG, PSE&G and PSEG Power & Other for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are presented as follows:
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Three Months Ended |
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|
Nine Months Ended |
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|
September 30, |
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|
September 30, |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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Millions, except per share data |
|
|
|
PSE&G |
|
$ |
515 |
|
|
$ |
379 |
|
|
$ |
1,393 |
|
|
$ |
1,169 |
|
|
|
PSEG Power & Other (A) |
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
141 |
|
|
|
403 |
|
|
|
317 |
|
|
|
PSEG Net Income |
|
$ |
622 |
|
|
$ |
520 |
|
|
$ |
1,796 |
|
|
$ |
1,486 |
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PSEG Net Income Per Share (Diluted) |
|
$ |
1.24 |
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|
$ |
1.04 |
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|
$ |
3.59 |
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$ |
2.97 |
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(A)Other includes after-tax activities at the parent company, PSEG LI, and Energy Holdings as well as intercompany eliminations.
PSEG Power’s results above include the Nuclear Decommissioning Trust (NDT) Fund activity and the impacts of non-trading commodity mark-to-market (MTM) activity, which consist of the financial impact from positions with future delivery dates.
The variances in our Net Income attributable to changes related to the NDT Fund and MTM are shown in the following table:
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Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
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|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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|
2025 |
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|
2024 |
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Millions, after tax |
|
|
|
NDT Fund and Related Activity (A) (B) |
|
$ |
42 |
|
|
$ |
55 |
|
|
$ |
113 |
|
|
$ |
120 |
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|
|
Non-Trading MTM Gains (Losses) (C) |
|
$ |
15 |
|
|
$ |
17 |
|
|
$ |
16 |
|
|
$ |
(55 |
) |
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(A)NDT Fund activity includes gains and losses on NDT securities which are recorded in Net Gains (Losses) on Trust Investments. See Item 1. Note 6. Trust Investments for additional information. NDT Fund activity also includes interest and dividend income and other costs related to the NDT Fund recorded in Net Other Income (Deductions), interest accretion expense on PSEG Power’s nuclear Asset Retirement Obligation (ARO) recorded in Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Expense and the depreciation related to the ARO asset recorded in Depreciation and Amortization (D&A) Expense.
(B)Net of tax (expense) benefit of $(28) million and $(36) million for the three months and $(77) million and $(79) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
(C)Net of tax (expense) benefit of $(5) million and $(6) million for the three months and $(6) million and $21 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Our Net Income variance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 versus the comparable period in 2024 was driven primarily by higher earnings due to settlement of the distribution base rate case in October 2024 and continued investments in T&D at PSE&G, combined with MTM gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to losses in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as shown above.
Regulatory, Legislative and Other Developments
We closely monitor and engage with stakeholders on significant regulatory and legislative developments.
Transmission Rate Proceedings and Return on Equity (ROE)
Under current FERC rules, PSE&G continues to earn a 50 basis point adder to its base ROE for its membership in PJM as a transmission owner. However, certain regulatory or legislative actions could potentially lead to the loss of this adder which, if eliminated, would prospectively reduce PSE&G’s annual Net Income and annual cash inflows by approximately $40 million.
New Jersey Clean Energy Stakeholder Proceedings
In February 2023, the governor of New Jersey issued executive orders (EOs) that establish or accelerate previously established 2050 targets for clean-sourced energy, building decarbonization, and EV adoption goals, with new target dates of 2030 or 2035, as applicable. The EOs direct the BPU and other state agencies to collaborate with stakeholders to develop plans to reach the targets and the BPU has convened a stakeholder proceeding to develop a plan for gas distribution utilities to reach the target of 50% natural gas emissions reductions over 2006 levels by 2030. The BPU commenced proceedings to update the State’s EMP in 2024 that are continuing. We are unable to predict the outcome of this proceeding, but it could have a material impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows.
Environmental Regulation
We are subject to liability under environmental laws for the costs and penalties of remediating contamination of property now or formerly owned by us and of property contaminated by hazardous substances that we generated. In particular, the historic operations of PSEG companies and the operations of numerous other companies along the Passaic and Hackensack Rivers are alleged by federal and state agencies to have discharged substantial contamination into the Passaic River/Newark Bay Complex in violation of various statutes. In addition, PSEG Power has retained ownership of certain liabilities excluded from the sale of its fossil generation portfolio, primarily related to obligations under New Jersey and Connecticut state laws to investigate and remediate the sites. We are also currently involved in a number of proceedings relating to sites where other hazardous substances may have been discharged and may be subject to additional proceedings in the future, and the costs and penalties of any such remediation efforts could be material.
For further information regarding the matters described above, as well as other matters that may impact our financial condition and results of operations, see Item 1. Note 8. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.
Nuclear
In May 2025, PSEG Power’s Salem 1, Salem 2 and Hope Creek nuclear plants zero emission certificate (ZEC) sales concluded. Pursuant to a process established by the BPU, ZECs were purchased from these nuclear plants by the electric distribution companies (EDCs) in New Jersey. As previously noted, the Federal government established a PTC for electricity generated using existing nuclear energy, which began January 2024 and continues through 2032 and impacted PSEG Power's decision not to apply for the next ZEC three-year eligibility period starting June 2025. The expected PTC rate is up to $15/MWh subject to adjustment based upon a facility’s gross receipts. The PTC rate and the gross receipts threshold are subject to annual inflation adjustments. ZEC revenue recorded has been reduced by the estimated PTCs generated from these nuclear plants. The PTC amounts recorded to date are subject to change based on several factors, including but not limited to, adjustments to estimated market prices and generation and the issuance of authoritative guidance by Treasury/the Internal Revenue Service, including clarification of the definition of “gross receipts” used to determine the phase out. Any adjustments to amounts previously recorded could be material. We continue to analyze the impact of the PTC, including any future guidance from the U.S. Treasury to assess any impact of PTCs on expected ZEC payments and/or any future ZEC application periods.
Demand, Supply and Energy Costs
An increasing demand for power and a lack of sufficient new generation resources in PJM and in New Jersey, has raised resource adequacy concerns and is resulting in higher electricity costs for our customers this year. Prices from the July 2024 PJM annual capacity market auction, which were approximately 10 times higher than prices from the 2023 auction and which are impacting customer bills, provoked concern from state regulators and legislators and have created regulatory uncertainty. Prices from the July 2025 capacity market auction were higher than those produced by the July 2024 auction and PJM indicated that the prices would have been even higher if not for the existence of a FERC-approved ceiling, which remains in
effect for the December 2025 auction but will then sunset. PJM is currently exploring reforms to its market that are currently anticipated to be filed at FERC by the end of the year.
As a result of the capacity market price increases, the costs of which are flowed through to customers, and per direction to EDCs from the BPU, PSE&G filed a petition in May 2025 that provided proposals to mitigate bill impacts to customers. In June 2025, the BPU approved a settlement under which PSE&G applied a credit to each residential electric customer’s monthly bill for July 2025 and August 2025, with the offset being charged on monthly bills for September 2025 through February 2026. PSE&G agreed to waive carrying costs on the outstanding credit amount. In addition, PSE&G agreed to: extend protections precluding the shut-off of eligible residential customers, normally available during the winter months, to the period from July 1, 2025 through September 30, 2025; offer residential customers deferred payment arrangements with terms of up to twenty-four months for the payment of overdue billed amounts; and waive all reconnection fees for residential customers during the period from July 1, 2025 through September 30, 2025. In September 2025, the New Jersey Legislature enacted a law prohibiting disconnection for non-payment during the period June 15 through August 31, beginning in 2026, and for such period annually thereafter, for certain qualified electric and gas customers. This new requirement for a summer shutoff moratorium and the extended deferred payment arrangements are likely to increase our Accounts Receivable and bad debt expense in the future.
Federal Executive Orders and State Legislative and Other Activity
There have been a number of federal executive orders over the recent months, including but not limited to orders addressing power generation in the energy industry and orders imposing widespread and substantial tariffs on imports. We are continuing to monitor the federal executive orders, certain of which will require the enactment of regulations to implement, and their impacts on our supply chain, business, cash flow, results of operations and financial condition.
There has been increased New Jersey state legislative activity and political dialogue during 2025 regarding energy affordability, resource adequacy and regulatory topics. While it is uncertain at this time whether any legislation or other executive or regulatory measures relating to these matters will be advanced, when they may take effect, or what form they may ultimately take, if such measures are implemented, they could have a material impact on our business, cash flows, results of operations and financial condition.
Interest Rate Matters
PSEG’s long-term financing plan is designed to replace maturities and support funding its capital program. Given our financing needs, the prevailing interest rate environment will be a key factor in determining interest expense on variable-rate debt and long-term rates on future financing plans. In order to increase the predictability of interest expense, we may use interest rate hedges to help limit our exposure to fluctuating interest rates and fix a portion of our interest rate exposure for anticipated long-term financing plans at PSEG and PSEG Power. PSE&G’s interest rate risk is moderated due to annual transmission rate filings and distribution recoveries through periodic rate filings.
Tax Legislation
The enactment, amendment or repeal of federal or state tax legislation and/or the clarification of previously enacted tax laws could have a material impact on our effective tax rate and cash tax position.
In July 2025, “An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Title II of H. Con. Res. 14” (the Act) was signed into law. The Act made no material changes to the PTC for existing qualified nuclear generation facilities. The Act permanently extends 100% bonus depreciation to qualified business property retroactive to January 19, 2025. The impact of the Act on PSEG’s and PSE&G’s financial statements is subject to continued evaluation.
In April 2023, the U.S. Treasury issued Revenue Procedure 2023-15 that provides a safe harbor method of accounting to determine the annual repair tax deduction for gas T&D property. The impact, if any, that this may have on PSEG and PSE&G’s financial statements has not yet been determined.
In August 2022, the IRA enacted a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT), which is based on adjusted financial statement income, and a PTC for existing qualified nuclear facilities. These provisions remain unclear; therefore, the issuance of authoritative guidance can materially impact PSEG’s and PSE&G’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Future Outlook
Our future success will be influenced by our ability to continue to maintain strong operational and financial performance, address regulatory and legislative developments that impact our business and respond to the issues and challenges described below. In order to do this, we will seek to:
•obtain approval of and execute on our utility capital investment program to meet increasing customer demand, modernize our infrastructure, improve the reliability and resilience of the service we provide to our customers, and align our sustainability and climate goals with New Jersey’s energy policy;
•obtain a fair return for our T&D investments through our transmission formula rate, existing rate incentives, distribution infrastructure and clean energy investment programs and periodic distribution base rate case proceedings;
•focus on controlling costs while maintaining safety, reliability and customer satisfaction and complying with applicable standards and requirements;
•manage the risks and opportunities in federal and state policies related to energy;
•advocate for appropriate regulatory guidance on the PTC to ensure long-term support for New Jersey’s largest carbon-free generation resource, and adapt our hedging program accordingly, and realize the value of our consistent and reliable, carbon-free nuclear output;
•engage constructively with our multiple stakeholders, including regulators, government officials, customers, employees, investors, suppliers and the communities in which we do business or are seeking to do business; and
•deliver on our human capital management strategy to attract, develop and retain a high-performing diverse workforce.
In addition to the risks described elsewhere in this Form 10-Q for 2025 and beyond, the key issues and challenges we expect our business to confront include:
•regulatory and political uncertainty with regard to Federal and State energy and related policies, including transmission planning and rates policy, the role of distribution utilities and decarbonization impacts, design of energy and capacity markets, resource adequacy and affordability, tax regulation and environmental regulation, as well as with respect to the outcome of any legal, regulatory or other proceedings;
•performance of the financial markets, including the impact on our pension funding requirements and interest rates on our future financing plans;
•continuing to manage costs and maintain affordable customer rates, which could impact customer collections, investment programs and have other impacts;
•the increasing frequency, sophistication and magnitude of cybersecurity attacks against us and our respective vendors and business partners who may have our sensitive information and/or access to our environment, and the increasing frequency and magnitude of physical attacks on electric and gas infrastructure;
•future changes in federal and state tax laws or any other associated tax guidance; and
•the impact of changes in energy demand, natural gas and electricity prices and PJM’s challenge to ensure resource adequacy to meet demand growth amidst efforts to decarbonize several sectors of the economy.
We continually assess a broad range of strategic options to maximize long-term shareholder value and address the interests of our multiple stakeholders. We consider a wide variety of factors when determining how and when to efficiently deploy capital, including the performance and prospects of our businesses; returns and the sustainability and predictability of future earnings streams; the views of investors, regulators, public policy initiatives, rating agencies, customers and employees; our existing indebtedness and restrictions it imposes; and tax considerations, among other things. Strategic options available to us include:
•investments in PSE&G, including T&D facilities to enhance reliability, resiliency and modernize the system to meet the growing needs and increasingly higher expectations of customers, and clean energy investments, particularly our EE programs;
•continued operation of our nuclear generation facilities that are expected to be supported by the PTC through 2032, nuclear capacity uprates, such as our planned Salem power uprate supported by a clean energy PTC, as well as obtaining license extensions and energy and/or emission credit sales with potential customers seeking consistent
and reliable carbon-free power, as well as opportunities that may arise from our enabling of new nuclear projects, including providing services for these projects;
•investments in competitive, regulated transmission and the potential enabling of investments in generation through PJM processes and BPU solicitations that provide revenue predictability and reasonable risk-adjusted returns; and
•acquisitions, dispositions, development and other transactions involving our common stock, assets or businesses that could provide value to customers and shareholders.
There can be no assurance, however, that we will successfully develop and execute any of the strategic options noted above, or any additional options we may consider in the future. The execution of any such strategic plan may not have the expected benefits or may have unexpected adverse consequences.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
PSEG
Our results of operations are comprised of the results of operations of our reportable segments, PSE&G and PSEG Power & Other, excluding charges related to intercompany transactions, which are eliminated in consolidation. For additional information on intercompany transactions, see Item 1. Note 17. Related-Party Transactions.
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Three Months Ended |
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Increase/ |
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Nine Months Ended |
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Increase/ |
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September 30, |
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(Decrease) |
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September 30, |
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(Decrease) |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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2025 vs. 2024 |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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2025 vs. 2024 |
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Millions |
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Millions |
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% |
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Millions |
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Millions |
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% |
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Operating Revenues |
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$ |
3,226 |
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$ |
2,642 |
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$ |
584 |
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22 |
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$ |
9,253 |
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$ |
7,825 |
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$ |
1,428 |
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18 |
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Energy Costs |
|
|
1,133 |
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|
|
899 |
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|
|
234 |
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|
|
26 |
|
|
|
3,145 |
|
|
|
2,628 |
|
|
|
517 |
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|
|
20 |
|
|
|
Operation and Maintenance (A) |
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
808 |
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|
|
119 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
2,700 |
|
|
|
2,415 |
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|
|
285 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
Depreciation and Amortization |
|
|
311 |
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|
|
294 |
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|
|
17 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
939 |
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|
874 |
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|
|
65 |
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|
|
7 |
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Income from Equity Method Investments |
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|
— |
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1 |
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|
|
(1 |
) |
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|
(100 |
) |
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|
— |
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2 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
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|
(100 |
) |
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Net Gains (Losses) on Trust Investments |
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|
62 |
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|
|
89 |
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(27 |
) |
|
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(30 |
) |
|
|
165 |
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|
|
191 |
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|
|
(26 |
) |
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(14 |
) |
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Net Other Income (Deductions) |
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39 |
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|
37 |
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2 |
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5 |
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122 |
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|
119 |
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3 |
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3 |
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Net Non-Operating Pension and OPEB Credits (Costs) |
|
|
17 |
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|
18 |
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|
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(1 |
) |
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(6 |
) |
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|
49 |
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|
|
55 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
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|
(11 |
) |
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Interest Expense |
|
|
253 |
|
|
|
227 |
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|
|
26 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
742 |
|
|
|
650 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
14 |
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|
|
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
39 |
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|
|
59 |
|
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N/A |
|
|
|
267 |
|
|
|
139 |
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|
|
128 |
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|
|
92 |
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(A)Includes amortization of EE programs regulatory expenditures of $43 million, $33 million, $122 million and $90 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The following discussions for PSE&G and PSEG Power & Other provide a detailed explanation of their respective variances.
PSE&G
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Three Months Ended |
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Increase/ |
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Nine Months Ended |
|
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Increase/ |
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September 30, |
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(Decrease) |
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September 30, |
|
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(Decrease) |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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2025 vs. 2024 |
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2025 |
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2024 |
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2025 vs. 2024 |
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Millions |
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Millions |
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% |
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Millions |
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Millions |
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% |
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|
Operating Revenues |
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$ |
2,535 |
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$ |
2,139 |
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$ |
396 |
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|
19 |
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$ |
7,230 |
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$ |
6,335 |
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$ |
895 |
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14 |
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Energy Costs |
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|
1,013 |
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839 |
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|
174 |
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21 |
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2,867 |
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|
2,450 |
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|
417 |
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17 |
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Operation and Maintenance (A) |
|
|
543 |
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|
|
464 |
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|
79 |
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|
|
17 |
|
|
|
1,623 |
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|
|
1,395 |
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|
|
228 |
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|
|
16 |
|
|
|
Depreciation and Amortization |
|
|
277 |
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|
|
254 |
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|
|
23 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
832 |
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|
|
758 |
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|
74 |
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|
10 |
|
|
|
Net Other Income (Deductions) |
|
|
16 |
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|
|
18 |
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|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(11 |
) |
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|
48 |
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|
50 |
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(2 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
Net Non-Operating Pension and OPEB Credits (Costs) |
|
|
17 |
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|
|
20 |
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
Interest Expense |
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
Income Tax Expense |
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
(36 |
) |
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
(106 |
) |
|
|
(44 |
) |
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(A)Includes amortization of EE programs regulatory expenditures of $43 million, $33 million, $122 million and $90 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Operating Revenues increased $396 million due to changes in delivery, commodity, clause and other operating revenues.
Delivery Revenues are primarily derived from revenues recovered on our regulated investments in rate base and costs through periodic filings of distribution rate cases, approved distribution investment recovery programs and the annual filing of transmission formula rates. Due to PSE&G’s electric and gas distribution CIP decoupling mechanism, there is minimal impact from sales volumes on most distribution delivery revenues. Also included in delivery revenues are revenue credits to customers to flowback tax benefits realized by PSE&G. These revenue credits are offset in Income Tax Expense.
Delivery revenues increased $256 million due primarily to a $251 million increase in electric and gas revenues as a result of the settlement of the 2024 distribution base rate case, $20 million from increased GPRC revenues and a $19 million increase in transmission revenues due primarily to higher rate base investments. These delivery revenue increases were offset by a $38 million decrease due to an increase in credits flowed back to customers as part of our TAC mechanism.
Clause Revenues are revenues from various pass-through regulatory programs for which PSE&G earns no margin. These revenues are entirely offset by the amortization of related costs in O&M, D&A and Interest and Income Tax Expense, which were originally recognized as regulatory assets.
Clause Revenues decreased $42 million due primarily to a $54 million decrease in TAC and GPRC deferrals, offset by a $10 million increase in Societal Benefits Clause (SBC) collections
Commodity Revenues are revenues from customers choosing default electric (basic generation service or BGS) and gas supply (basic gas supply service or BGSS) from PSE&G. PSE&G procures the BGS and BGSS on behalf of these retail customers and earns no margin on this service as all costs are passed back to the BGS and BGSS customers. The changes in Commodity Revenues for both electric and gas are entirely offset by changes in Energy Costs.
Commodity Revenues increased $226 million primarily due to higher electric BGS revenues of $227 million primarily from higher prices.
Other Operating Revenues are primarily comprised of revenues derived from various GPRC programs including Transition Renewable Energy Certificates (TREC) revenues, Community Solar collections and the Successor Solar Incentive Program (SuSI). The revenues from these programs offset costs included in Energy Costs. In addition, other operating revenues include revenues from our Appliance Service Business (ASB) which offers various appliance protection and repair plans to customers.
Other Operating revenues decreased $44 million due primarily to a decrease in Zero Emission Certificates (ZECs) sales in other operating revenues.
Operating Expenses
Energy Costs increased $174 million. This is entirely offset by changes in Commodity Revenues and Other Operating Revenues.
Operation and Maintenance increased $79 million due primarily to a $38 million increase in clause and renewable costs, a $20 million increase in net distribution and transmission expenditures, $8 million in higher service company costs and a net increase in other operational expenses.
Depreciation and Amortization increased $23 million due primarily to an increase in depreciation due to higher plant placed in service and increased amortization of Regulatory Assets.
Interest Expense increased $11 million due primarily to incremental debt and the replacement of maturing debt at higher rates.
Income Tax Expense decreased $32 million due primarily to an increase in the flowback of previously realized distribution-related mixed service cost deductions, partially offset by higher pre-tax income.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Operating Revenues increased $895 million due to changes in delivery, commodity, clause and other operating revenues.
Delivery Revenues are primarily derived from revenues recovered on our regulated investments in rate base and costs through periodic filings of distribution rate cases, approved distribution investment recovery programs and the annual filing of transmission formula rates. Due to PSE&G’s electric and gas distribution CIP decoupling mechanism, there is minimal impact from sales volumes on most distribution delivery revenues. Also included in delivery revenues are revenue credits to customers to flowback tax benefits realized by PSE&G. These revenue credits are offset in Income Tax Expense.
Delivery revenues increased $515 million due primarily to a $574 million increase in electric and gas revenues as a result of the settlement of the 2024 distribution base rate case, $63 million from increased GPRC revenues, a $53 million increase from higher gas volumes and a $39 million increase in transmission revenues due primarily to higher rate base investments. These delivery revenue increases were offset by a decrease of $131 million due to an increase in credits flowed back to customers as part of our TAC mechanism and a $110 million decrease in CIP decoupling revenues.
Clause Revenues are revenues from various pass-through regulatory programs for which PSE&G earns no margin. These revenues are entirely offset by the amortization of related costs in O&M, D&A and Interest and Income Tax Expense, which were originally recognized as regulatory assets.
Clause Revenues decreased $56 million due primarily to a $127 million decrease in TAC and GPRC deferrals, offset by a $69 million increase in SBC collections.
Commodity Revenues are revenues from customers choosing default electric (basic generation service or BGS) and gas supply (basic gas supply service or BGSS) from PSE&G. PSE&G procures the BGS and BGSS on behalf of these retail customers and earns no margin on this service as all costs are passed back to the BGS and BGSS customers. The changes in Commodity Revenues for both electric and gas are entirely offset by changes in Energy Costs.
Commodity Revenues increased $487 million due primarily to higher electric BGS revenues of $430 million primarily from higher prices and higher gas BGSS revenues of $57 million primarily from higher volumes.
Other Operating Revenues are primarily comprised of revenues derived from various GPRC programs including TREC revenues, and SuSI. The revenues from these programs offset costs included in Energy Costs. In addition, other operating revenues include revenues from our ASB which offers various appliance protection and repair plans to customers.
Other Operating revenues decreased $51 million due primarily to a decrease in ZECs sales partially offset by an increase in ASB revenues.
Operating Expenses
Energy Costs increased $417 million. This is entirely offset by changes in Commodity Revenues and Other Operating Revenues.
Operation and Maintenance increased $228 million due primarily to a $134 million increase in clause and renewable costs, a $36 million increase in net distribution and transmission expenditures, $25 million in higher service company costs and a net increase in other operational expenses.
Depreciation and Amortization increased $74 million due primarily to an increase in depreciation due to higher plant placed in service and increased amortization of Regulatory Assets.
Net Non-Operating Pension and OPEB Credits (Costs) decreased $6 million due primarily to a decrease in the long-term expected return on assets partially offset by the deferral of non-service costs as prescribed in the base rate case settlement.
Interest Expense increased $50 million due primarily to incremental debt and the replacement of maturing debt at higher rates.
Income Tax Expense decreased $106 million due primarily to an increase in the flowback of previously realized distribution-related mixed service cost deductions, partially offset by higher pre-tax income.
PSEG Power & Other
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Three Months Ended |
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|
Increase/ |
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Nine Months Ended |
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|
Increase/ |
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|
September 30, |
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|
(Decrease) |
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|
September 30, |
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|
(Decrease) |
|
|
|
|
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2025 |
|
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2024 |
|
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2025 vs. 2024 |
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2025 |
|
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2024 |
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|
2025 vs. 2024 |
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|
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|
Millions |
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|
Millions |
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% |
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|
Millions |
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|
Millions |
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|
% |
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|
|
Operating Revenues |
|
$ |
749 |
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|
$ |
583 |
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|
$ |
166 |
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|
|
28 |
|
|
$ |
2,761 |
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|
$ |
2,140 |
|
|
$ |
621 |
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|
|
29 |
|
|
|
Energy Costs |
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
140 |
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|
|
38 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
1,016 |
|
|
|
828 |
|
|
|
188 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
Operation and Maintenance |
|
|
384 |
|
|
|
344 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
1,077 |
|
|
|
1,020 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
Depreciation and Amortization |
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
116 |
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|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
Income from Equity Method Investments |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
N/A |
|
|
|
— |
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|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
N/A |
|
|
|
Net Gains (Losses) on Trust Investments |
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
165 |
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
Net Other Income (Deductions) |
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
Net Non-Operating Pension and OPEB Costs |
|
|
— |
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|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
N/A |
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|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
Interest Expense |
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
265 |
|
|
|
224 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
(51 |
) |
|
|
91 |
|
|
N/A |
|
|
|
132 |
|
|
|
(102 |
) |
|
|
234 |
|
|
N/A |
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Operating Revenues increased $166 million due primarily to changes in generation and gas supply and other operating revenues.
Generation Revenues increased $108 million due primarily to
•a net increase of $66 million in capacity revenue due primarily to higher capacity prices, and
•a net increase of $51 million due primarily to higher average realized energy prices,
•partially offset by a net decrease of $8 million due to lower MTM gains in 2025 as compared to 2024. Of this amount, there was a $15 million decrease due to positions reclassified to realized upon settlement, partially offset by a $7 million increase due to changes in forward prices in 2025 as compared to 2024.
Gas Supply Revenues increased $45 million due primarily to
•a net increase of $26 million related to sales to third parties due primarily to $20 million from higher sales prices, and $6 million from higher sales volumes.
•a net increase of $15 million in sales under the BGSS contract due primarily to higher sales prices, and
•a net increase of $4 million due primarily to changes in forward prices in 2025 as compared to 2024.
Operating Expenses
Energy Costs represent the cost of generation, which includes fuel costs for generation as well as purchased energy in the market, and gas purchases to meet PSEG Power’s obligation under its BGSS contract with PSE&G. Energy Costs increased $38 million due to
Gas costs increased $38 million due primarily to
•a net increase of $24 million related to sales to third parties due primarily to $19 million from higher average cost of gas, and $5 million due to higher volumes sold, and
•a net increase of $14 million related to sales under the BGSS contract due primarily to higher average cost of gas.
Generation costs are flat as compared to the prior year.
Operation and Maintenance increased $40 million due primarily to increased planned refueling outage costs in 2025, and higher Servco operating costs.
Depreciation and Amortization decreased $6 million due primarily to revised estimated useful lives for the Salem and Hope Creek nuclear plants based on the expectation that a 20-year license extension will be approved for these facilities.
Net Gains (Losses) on Trust Investments decreased $27 million due primarily to NDT investments with a $31 million decrease in net unrealized gains in 2025 on equity securities, partially offset by a $5 million increase in net realized gains in 2025.
Interest Expense increased $15 million due primarily to incremental debt.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) variance of $91 million due primarily to higher pre-tax income and the absence of the benefit from nuclear PTCs in 2025.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 as Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Operating Revenues increased $621 million due primarily to changes in generation and gas supply and other operating revenues.
Generation Revenues increased $364 million due primarily to
•a net increase of $156 million due primarily to higher average realized energy prices and volumes sold in 2025,
•a net increase of $87 million in capacity revenue due primarily to higher capacity prices, and
•a net increase of $79 million due to MTM gains in 2025 as compared to MTM losses in 2024. Of this amount, there was a $124 million increase due to positions reclassified to realized upon settlement, partially offset by a $45 million decrease due to changes in forward prices in 2025 as compared to 2024.
Gas Supply Revenues increased $225 million due primarily to
•a net increase of $145 million in sales under the BGSS contract due primarily to $80 million from higher sales prices, and $65 million from higher sales volumes,
•a net increase of $60 million related to sales to third parties due primarily to $87 million from higher sales prices, partially offset by $27 million from lower sales volumes, and
•a net increase of $20 million due primarily to MTM gains in 2025 as compared to MTM losses in 2024. Of this amount, there was an increase of $12 million due to positions reclassified to realized upon settlement coupled with an increase of $8 million due to changes in forward prices in 2025 as compared to 2024.
Operating Expenses
Energy Costs represent the cost of generation, which includes fuel costs for generation as well as purchased energy in the market, and gas purchases to meet PSEG Power’s obligation under its BGSS contract with PSE&G. Energy Costs increased $188 million due to
Gas costs increased $183 million due primarily to
•a net increase of $134 million related to sales under the BGSS contract, of which $80 million was due to higher average cost of gas, and $54 million was due to higher send out volumes, and
•a net increase of $48 million related to sales to third parties due primarily to $62 million from higher average cost of gas, partially offset by $14 million due to lower volumes sold.
Generation costs increased $5 million due primarily to increased fuel costs at nuclear.
Operation and Maintenance increased $57 million due primarily to higher Servco operating costs, and increased planned refueling outage costs in 2025.
Depreciation and Amortization decreased $9 million due primarily to revised estimated useful lives in April 2025 for the Salem and Hope Creek nuclear plants based on the expectation that a 20-year license extension will be approved for these facilities.
Net Gains (Losses) on Trust Investments decreased $26 million due primarily to NDT investments with a $17 million decrease in net unrealized gains in 2025 on equity securities, and a $7 million decrease in net realized gains in 2025.
Interest Expense increased $41 million due primarily to incremental debt and the replacement of maturing long-term debt at higher rates.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) variance of $234 million due primarily to higher pre-tax income and the absence of the benefit from nuclear PTCs in 2025.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The following discussion of our liquidity and capital resources is on a consolidated basis, noting the uses and contributions, where material, of our two direct major operating subsidiaries.
Operating Cash Flows
We continue to expect our operating cash flows combined with cash on hand and financing activities to be sufficient to fund planned capital expenditures and shareholder dividends.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, our operating cash flow increased $811 million, as compared to the same period in 2024. The net increase was primarily due to a net change at PSE&G, as discussed below, combined with an inflow of $137 million in net cash collateral postings in 2025 as compared to a $3 million outflow in 2024 at PSEG Power, and higher earnings at PSEG Power.
PSE&G
PSE&G’s operating cash flow increased $409 million from $1,119 million to $1,528 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024. The increase was due primarily to regulatory deferrals, a net increase related to materials and supplies inventory, timing of vendor payments, and tax refunds received in 2025 as compared to taxes paid in 2024, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable.
Short-Term Liquidity
PSEG meets its short-term liquidity requirements, as well as those of PSEG Power, primarily through the issuance of commercial paper and, from time to time, short-term loans. PSE&G maintains its own separate commercial paper program to
meet its short-term liquidity requirements. Each commercial paper program is fully back-stopped by its own separate credit facility.
Each of our credit facilities is restricted as to availability and use to the specific companies as listed below; however, if necessary, the PSEG facilities can also be used to support our subsidiaries’ liquidity needs.
In March 2025, PSEG, PSEG Power and PSE&G executed a one year extension to their existing $3.75 billion revolving credit facilities, extending the maturity through March 2029 and PSEG Power amended certain provisions in the Master Credit Facility including removal of subsidiary guarantees of PSEG Power. The PSEG Power letter of credit facilities and term loans were also amended to be consistent with the Master Credit Facility, and the $150 million uncommitted credit facility at a subsidiary of PSEG Power was terminated.
Our total committed credit facilities and available liquidity as of September 30, 2025 were as follows:
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As of September 30, 2025 |
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|
|
Company/Facility |
|
Total Facility |
|
|
Usage |
|
|
Available Liquidity |
|
|
|
|
|
Millions |
|
|
|
PSEG |
|
$ |
1,500 |
|
|
$ |
444 |
|
|
$ |
1,056 |
|
|
|
PSE&G |
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
975 |
|
|
|
PSEG Power |
|
|
1,325 |
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
1,243 |
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
3,825 |
|
|
$ |
551 |
|
|
$ |
3,274 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PSEG Power has uncommitted credit facilities totaling $275 million, which can be utilized for letters of credit. As of September 30, 2025, PSEG Power had $166 million in letters of credit outstanding under these uncommitted credit facilities.
We continually monitor our liquidity and seek to add capacity as needed to meet our liquidity requirements, including to satisfy any additional collateral requirements. As of September 30, 2025, our liquidity position, including our credit facilities and access to external financing, was expected to be sufficient to meet our projected stressed requirements over our 12-month planning horizon. PSEG analyzes its liquidity requirements using stress scenarios that consider different events, including changes in commodity prices and the potential impact of PSEG Power losing its investment grade credit rating from S&P or Moody’s, which would represent a two-level downgrade from its current Moody’s and S&P ratings. In the event of a deterioration of PSEG Power’s credit rating, certain of PSEG Power’s agreements allow the counterparty to demand further performance assurance. The potential additional collateral that we would be required to post under these agreements if PSEG Power were to lose its investment grade credit rating was approximately $683 million and $618 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
For additional information, see Item 1. Note 9. Debt and Credit Facilities.
Long-Term Debt Financing
During the next twelve months,
•PSE&G has $450 million of 0.95% Secured Medium-Term Notes Series N, due March 2026, and
•PSE&G has $425 million of 2.25% Secured Medium-Term Notes Series L, due September 2026.
PSEG, PSEG Power, Energy Holdings, PSEG LI and Services participate in a corporate money pool, an aggregation of daily cash balances designed to efficiently manage their respective short-term liquidity needs, which are accounted for as intercompany loans. Servco does not participate in the corporate money pool. Servco’s short-term liquidity needs are met through an account funded and owned by LIPA.
For additional information see Item 1. Note 9. Debt and Credit Facilities.
Common Stock Dividends
On July 21, 2025, our Board of Directors approved a $0.63 per share common stock dividend for the third quarter of 2025. This reflects an indicative annual dividend rate of $2.52 per share. We expect to continue to pay cash dividends on our common
stock; however, the declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements of our businesses, alternate investment opportunities, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, industry practice and other factors that the Board of Directors deems relevant. For additional information related to cash dividends on our common stock, see Item 1. Note 15. Earnings Per Share (EPS) and Dividends.
Credit Ratings
If the rating agencies lower or withdraw our credit ratings, such revisions may adversely affect the market price of our securities and serve to materially increase our cost of capital and limit access to capital. Credit Ratings shown are for securities that we typically issue. Outlooks are shown for the credit ratings at each entity and can be Stable, Negative, or Positive. There is no assurance that the ratings will continue for any given period of time or that they will not be revised by the rating agencies, if in their respective judgments, circumstances warrant. Each rating given by an agency should be evaluated independently of the other agencies’ ratings. The ratings should not be construed as an indication to buy, hold or sell any security.
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Moody’s (A) |
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S&P (B) |
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|
PSEG |
|
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Outlook |
|
Stable |
|
Stable |
|
|
Senior Notes |
|
Baa2 |
|
BBB |
|
|
Commercial Paper |
|
P2 |
|
A2 |
|
|
PSE&G |
|
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|
|
Outlook |
|
Stable |
|
Stable |
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|
Mortgage Bonds |
|
A1 |
|
A |
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|
Commercial Paper |
|
P2 |
|
A2 |
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|
PSEG Power |
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Outlook |
|
Stable |
|
Stable |
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Senior Notes |
|
Baa2 |
|
BBB |
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|
(A)Moody’s ratings range from Aaa (highest) to C (lowest) for long-term securities and P1 (highest) to NP (lowest) for short-term securities.
(B)S&P ratings range from AAA (highest) to D (lowest) for long-term securities and A1 (highest) to D (lowest) for short-term securities.
CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
We expect that all of our capital requirements over the next three years will come from a combination of internally generated funds and external debt financing. There were no material changes to our projected capital expenditures as compared to amounts disclosed in our 2024 Form 10-K.
PSE&G
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, PSE&G made capital expenditures of $1,893 million, primarily for T&D system reliability. In addition, PSE&G had cost of removal, net of salvage, of $117 million associated with capital replacements, and expenditures for EE programs of $504 million, which are included in operating cash flows.
PSEG Power & Other
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, PSEG Power & Other made capital expenditures of $146 million, excluding $135 million for nuclear fuel, primarily related to various nuclear projects at PSEG Power and various information technology projects at Services.
ITEM 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The risk inherent in our market-risk sensitive instruments and positions is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in commodity prices, equity security prices and interest rates as discussed in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. It is our policy to use derivatives to manage risk consistent with business plans and prudent practices. We have a Risk Management Committee comprised of executive officers who utilize a risk oversight function to ensure compliance with our corporate policies and risk management practices.
Additionally, we are exposed to counterparty credit losses in the event of non-performance or non-payment. We have a credit management process, which is used to assess, monitor and mitigate counterparty exposure. In the event of non-performance or non-payment by a major counterparty, there may be a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations or net cash flows.
Commodity Contracts
The availability and price of energy-related commodities are subject to fluctuations from factors such as weather, environmental policies, changes in supply and demand, state and federal regulatory policies, market rules and other events. To reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations, we enter into supply contracts and derivative contracts, including forwards, futures, swaps, and options with approved counterparties. These contracts, in conjunction with physical sales and other services, help reduce risk and optimize the value of owned electric generation capacity.
Value-at-Risk (VaR) Models
VaR represents the potential losses, under normal market conditions, for instruments or portfolios due to changes in market factors, for a specified time period and confidence level. We estimate VaR across our commodity businesses.
MTM VaR consists of MTM derivatives that are economic hedges. The calculation does not include market risks associated with activities that are subject to accrual accounting, primarily our generating facilities and some load-serving activities.
The VaR models used are variance/covariance models adjusted for the change of positions with 95% and 99.5% confidence levels and a one-day holding period for the MTM activities. The models assume no new positions throughout the holding periods; however, we actively manage our portfolio.
From July through September 2025, MTM VaR varied between a low of $17 million and a high of $45 million at the 95% confidence level. The range of VaR was narrower for the three months ended September 30, 2025 as compared with the year ended December 31, 2024.
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MTM VaR |
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2024 |
|
|
|
|
|
Millions |
|
|
|
95% Confidence Level, Loss could exceed VaR one day in 20 days |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period End |
|
$ |
17 |
|
|
$ |
36 |
|
|
|
Average for the Period |
|
$ |
29 |
|
|
$ |
44 |
|
|
|
High |
|
$ |
45 |
|
|
$ |
152 |
|
|
|
Low |
|
$ |
17 |
|
|
$ |
25 |
|
|
|
99.5% Confidence Level, Loss could exceed VaR one day in 200 days |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period End |
|
$ |
27 |
|
|
$ |
57 |
|
|
|
Average for the Period |
|
$ |
45 |
|
|
$ |
69 |
|
|
|
High |
|
$ |
70 |
|
|
$ |
238 |
|
|
|
Low |
|
$ |
27 |
|
|
$ |
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Item 1. Note 10. Financial Risk Management Activities for a discussion of credit risk.
ITEM 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
PSEG and PSE&G
We have established and maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported and is accumulated and communicated to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of each respective company, as appropriate, by others within the entities to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We have established a disclosure committee which includes several key management employees and which reports directly to the CFO and CEO of each of PSEG and PSE&G. The committee monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of these disclosure controls and procedures. The CFO and CEO of each of PSEG and PSE&G have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures and, based on this evaluation, have concluded that disclosure controls and procedures at each respective company were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by the report.
Internal Controls
PSEG and PSE&G
There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the third quarter of 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, each registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.